高速列车蛇行运动稳定性研究概述

高速列车长期服役的可靠性是高铁建设的首要保证，自激蛇行运动是轨道车辆所特有的一种失稳形式，为了保证车辆的运动稳定性，确保其高速、安全行驶，以高速列车蛇行失稳的理论研究方法为背景，概述了蛇行失稳研究中的主要研究方法及其存在的不足，对近期的研究热点方向进行了概述并对非光滑分岔、非对称运行稳定性等方向进行了展望。对于高速列车的确定性和稳定性而言，在不考虑车辆非线性特性的情况下，一般可以采用特征根法、Routh-Hurwitz准则判定法、最小阻尼系数等方法进行分析；当必须考虑轮轨接触以及悬挂系统等非线性特征时，可以采用特征值变化法、QR算法+二分法、中心流形法、打靶法、延续算法等方法。对于车辆的随机稳定性而言，可以采用随机非线性动力学Hamilton理论、蒙特卡洛法、半隐式的Milstein随机数值模拟、小数据量等方法对随机稳定性、随机分岔以及分岔类型进行分析。由于能够考虑自身结构参数激励、轮轨接触不平顺激励，能得到更接近真实运行条件下的失稳临界速度，随机稳定性、随机分岔的理论研究和试验研究逐渐得到研究人员的关注，成为高速列车蛇行失稳研究的热点方向。

Survey on the hunting stability of High-speed Trains

The long-term service safety and reliability of high-speed trains are the primary guarantee for the construction of high-speed trains. Self-excited hunting movement is a unique form of instability for rail vehicles. In order to guarantee the hunting stability, high speed and safety traffic of high speed trains, on the basis of the theoretical research methods of high speed train hunting unstability, the main research methods and their deficiency are summarized, as well as the recent research hotspots. The research of non-smooth bifurcation and asymmetric operation stability is prospected. Without considering the nonlinear characteristics of the vehicle, the characteristic root method, the routh-hurwitz criterion method and the minimum damping coefficient can be used to analyze the certainty stability of high speed trains. When the wheel-rail contact and the nonlinear characteristics of the suspension system must be considered, the method of eigenvalue change, QR algorithm, binary method, center manifold method, shooting method and continuation algorithm can be used. In addition, stochastic nonlinear dynamics hamilton theory, monte-carlo method, semi-implicit milstein stochastic numerical simulation and small data quantity can be used to analyze random stability, random bifurcation and its types. Generally speaking, stochastic stability and random bifurcation can get closer to the real conditions of the critical speed of instability because of considering their own structure parametric excitation and wheeltrack contact irregularity excitation. This aspect of theoretical research and experimental research has been paid more attention to by researchers, and has become a hot topic of the hunting stability of high speed trains.