叶尖定时及叶尖间隙测量技术研究综述

涡轮叶片在高速旋转时会因振动产生疲劳断裂失效,造成旋转机械的损坏。叶尖定时测量技术是目前最有前途的非接触式叶片振动实时监测方法,叶尖间隙变化与叶片的振动状态密切相关。因此,实时监测叶片的振动状态和叶尖间隙是保证旋转机械安全、稳定、可靠运行的关键。系统综述了叶尖定时及叶尖间隙测量技术的原理和国内外研究成果,认为目前研究仍处于仿真模拟和实验测量的不完全成熟阶段,今后可在以下方面展开研究:1)将叶尖定时和叶尖间隙测量技术相结合,实现叶片的振动测量;2)进行无键相法的叶片异步振动测量,并投入到工程应用中;3)制定有效的动态标定方案,测量叶片在旋转状态时输出电压与叶尖间隙之间的关系;4)研制能够在恶劣环境下进行高精度、长周期测量的传感器。

Review of research on tip-timing and tip clearance measurement technology

Turbine blades will fail due to fatigue fracture caused by vibration at high-speed rotation,resulting in damage of rotating machinery.Blade tip-timing measurement technology is the most promising non-contact blade vibration real-time monitoring method at present,and the change of the blade tip clearance is closely related to the vibration state of the blade.Therefore,real-time monitoring of blade vibration state and blade tip clearance is the key to ensure the safe,stable,and reliable operation of rotating machinery.The principles and research results of blade tip-timing and blade tip clearance measurement technology in domestic and international were summarized.It was clarified that the current research is still in the incomplete maturity stage of simulation and experimental measurement,and the research prospects of blade tip-timing and blade tip clearance measurement technology were provided.It was pointed out that future research can be carried out in the following aspects: 1) combining blade tip-timing and tip clearance measurement technology to achieve blade vibration measurement;2) conducting asynchronous blade vibration measurement without the once per revolution (OPR) sensor method and putting it into engineering application;3) developing an effective dynamic calibration scheme to measure the relationship between the output voltage and the blade tip clearance when the blade is rotating;4) developing the sensors capable of high-precision and long-period measurements in harsh environments.