云南省传统村落保护利用综合评估——基于27个中国传统村落的实证研究

为探讨如何活化利用传统村落的优秀地方文化资源，平衡保护与利用的关系，从历史文化、社会人文、人居环境和产业经济4个方面筛选指标，采用层次分析法和熵值法进行组合权重，构建了包含4个一级指标、9个二级指标、40个三级指标的云南省传统村落保护利用综合评估体系，并筛选27个云南省第一、二批入选中国传统村落名录的村落进行了评估实证。研究结果表明:(1)云南省传统村落整体保护利用水平较高，村落资源保护成效较为理想，活化利用情况有待改善。(2)村落历史文化遗产保护状况普遍较好，物质文化遗产的保护水平高于非物质文化遗产的保护水平，人居环境整体保护良好，村落之间评分差异小，社会治理、产业经济的评分差异较大。(3)根据传统村落保护利用评估体系的评分结果，可将村落分为双向优效型、保护优效型、综合显效型、利用显效型和双向滞缓型5类。

A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Protection and Utilization of Traditional Villages in Yunnan Province: A Case Study of 27 Chinese Traditional Villages

A comprehensive evaluation system for the protection and utilization of traditional villages in Yunnan Province is built to explore how to utilize the excellent local cultural resources of traditional villages and balance their protection and utilization. The study screens indicators from the four aspects of history and culture, social culture, human settlement environment, and industrial economy, and uses the analytic hierarchy process (APH) and entropy value method to carry out the combined weight. The comprehensive evaluation system for the protection and utilization of traditional villages is constructed, including 4 first-level indicators, 9 second-level indicators, and 40 third-level indicators. An empirical study is conducted of 27 villages selected as the first and second batches of Chinese Traditional Villages in Yunnan. Firstly, the overall protection and utilization level of traditional villages in Yunnan Province is positive, and the protection effect of village resources is satisfactory, and the situation of activation utilization needs to be improved. Second, the protection of historical and cultural heritage of villages is generally ideal, as the protection level of physical cultural heritage is higher than that of intangible cultural heritage. The overall protection of human settlements is positive and the difference in scores between villages is small. The difference in scores of social governance and industrial economy is large. Thirdly, the scoring results of the traditional village protection and utilization evaluation system are summarized and analyzed, and the villages are divided into five categories.