太阳辐射变化对光伏电站最佳倾角的影响分析

从中国典型资源区选取6个一级辐射站(北京、额济纳旗、格尔木、拉萨、喀什、郑州站)1961—2016年的太阳总辐射、水平面直接辐射和散射辐射数据资料，在用气候倾向估计法分析太阳辐射的变化趋势和利用Klein-Hay模型计算分析最佳倾角的基础上，分析太阳辐射变化对光伏电站最佳倾角的影响.结果显示:(1)近56年，6个一级辐射站的太阳辐射量的总体变化趋势是下降的；除格尔木市和郑州市外，其他4个城市的水平面直接辐射量呈下降趋势；从2003年开始，北京市出现散射比大于直射比的情况；1976年后，郑州市的散射比大于直射比；格尔木、喀什、拉萨市近56年的直射比均高于散射比；额济纳旗市的直射比、散射比变化不明显. (2) 6个典型资源区一级辐射站的最佳倾角随着太阳辐射量的降低而减小；北京、喀什、拉萨市的最佳倾角的下降受总辐射量和直射比的影响；格尔木市和郑州市的最佳倾角的下降受总辐射量和散射比的影响.

An Analysis of the Influence of Solar Radiation Variation on the Optimum Dip Angle of Photovoltaic Power Plant

The 1961—2016 data of total solar radiation, horizontal direct radiation and diffuse radiation were co-llected at six primary radiation stations in China's typical resource areas (Beijing Railway Station, Ejinaqi Station, Golmud Station, Lhasa Station, Kashi Station, Zhengzhou Station). The climate tendency estimation method was used to analyze the trend of solar radiation, and the Klein-Hay model was applied to calculate the optimal dip angle. Then the influence of solar radiation variation on the optimal dip angle of the photovoltaic power station was ana-lyzed. The results were as follows. Firstly, the overall trend of solar radiation variation in the six first-stage radiation stations in the past 56 years is a decline; the direct radiation in the four regions except Golmud and Zhengzhou has shown a downward trend; in Beijing, the diffuse irradiation ratio has been greater than the direct irradiation ratio since 2003; in 1976, the diffuse irradiation ratio of Zhengzhou was larger than its direct irradiation ratio; the direct irradiation ratio of Golmud, Kashi and Lhasa in the past 56 years has been higher than their diffuse irradiation ratio; the change in the direct irradiation ratio and the diffuse irradiation ratio of Ejina has not been obvious. Secondly, at the six primary radiation stations in China's typical resource areas, the optimum inclination of the radiation station has been declining with the decrease of solar radiation; the decline of the optimum dip angle in Beijing, Kashi and Lhasa has been influenced by the total radiation and the direct irradiation ratio; the decline of the optimum dip angle in Golmud and Zhengzhou has been influenced by the total radiation and the direct diffuse ratio.