成煤作用与煤岩生气特点分析

煤层气研究的基础之一是对煤的质量的研究，即生气物质质料的研究，包括煤的岩石学特征、煤质特征、煤的地球化学特征。就煤田地质研究而言，煤岩学和煤质学研究是传统研究范畴，在国内外是非常成熟的，但与煤的生、产气结合起来进行煤层气聚集规律研究则形成了新的研究领域，其中煤作用研究出现了新的理论和成因学说。在不同的成煤环境下形成的煤，其岩石学特点不同，煤的微观组织也不同。不同的煤岩组分其生、产气的能力是不同的，在盆地演化的不同时期具有不同的生、产气高峰。结合煤的成煤作用研究与沁水盆地富煤单元的形成与分布分析，提出成煤作用是奠定煤层气原始质料的前提、成煤环境演化是煤层气形成的控制因素、富没煤带和富煤单元与煤层气聚集单元具有成因联系等结论。

Analysis of Coal-forming Processes and Characteristic of Gas Generation of Coal Rocks

The study of coal quality is one of foundations of the coal bed methane(CBM)research, that is, the study of texture of gas-generating material, including such characteristics as coal petrology, coal-quality and coal geochemistry. As far as the study of coal geology is concerned, the study of coal petrology and coal quality is conventional one whose research contents are quite ripe at home and abroad. But a new research field is the study of coal-bed-gas accumulation rules, which is combined with the study of gas-generating and production from coal, in which the study of coal formation action forms the new theory and doctrine, that is, the coal formed in different conditions has different characteristics of petrology and different microscopic structures accordingly. Different materials have different abilities of gas-generation with different peaks of gas-generating in different evolution periods of the basin. According to the research of coal formation and the analysis of rich coal-bearing units formed and distributed in Qinshui Basin, the conclusion is that the coal-forming action is the precise of CBM original materials and the evolution of coal-forming environment is a factor controlling CBM formation and there is a relation of genesis between rich coal-bearing belts, rich coal-bearing units and CBM gathering units.