欠发达地区新型农业经营主体信贷约束的影响因素 ——基于贵州省水城县的调查分析

为提高欠发达地区新型农业经营主体信贷获取能力，从个体特征、家庭特征、企业经营特征、信贷特征和政策特征5个方面构建影响新型农业经营主体信贷约束的指标体系，对贵州省水城县132家新型农业经营主体进行调查，分析新型农业经营主体信贷约束的影响因素。研究发现:经营主体负责人年龄与家庭资产、企业经营年限、公司信誉和抵押物价值等都是经济欠发达地区新型农业经营主体信贷约束的影响因素。其中，经营主体年龄越大，越难获得融资；越多的家庭资产、长久的经营年限、较好的公司信誉和高价值抵押物能有效降低银行贷款风险，提高借贷获得率，从而降低企业融资约束。建议政府构建完善的金融保障体制、加强企业资产评估，金融机构创新金融产品并提升金融服务水平，企业加强内控并完善经营管理，多方措举，以破解新型农业经营主体信贷约束。

Influence Factors of Credit Constraint on New Agricultural Operators in Underdeveloped Areas:A Case Study in Guizhou China

To enhance the strength of new agricultural operators in underdeveloped areas to pass credit access successfully,an index system is made of influencing factors of credit constraints on them from characteristics of individual business heads,their families,business operation,credits and financing policies,and a case study of 132 new agricultural operators in Shuicheng County,Guizhou Province conducted.The research shows that age and family assets of the head of the business entity,years in operation,corporate reputation and collateral value are all the influencing factors of the credit constraints of the new agricultural business entities in economically underdeveloped areas.The older the business heads,the harder for the business entity to get loans,while more family assets,longer length of business in operation,better business reputation and greater value of collateral means better effect in reducing banks loaning risk and greater loaning possibilities with fewer credit constraints for business entities.It is therefore proposed that sound financial security system be produced,enterprise asset evaluation strengthened,adaptive financial products innovated,financial services upgraded,and business internal control and operation management improved to manage credit constraints for new agricultural operators in underdeveloped areas with good effect.