黄浦江上游大型底栖动物生物多样性现状

2005年4月至2006年3月对黄浦江上游大型底栖动物群落结构进行了调查.采用香农威纳指数(H′)、物种均匀度指数(J)和物种丰富度指数(D)对黄浦江上游大型底栖动物的群落结构、种类组成、多样性进行了分析.本次调查共采到底栖动物13种.密度优势种为环节动物门的霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、软体动物门的铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)以及河蚬(Corbicula fluminea).生物量优势种为软体动物门的铜锈环棱螺以及河蚬.淀峰断面的香农威纳指数(H′）、物种均匀度指数(J)和物种丰富度指数(D)都高于松浦大桥.季节变化方面，三种指数的最高值都出现在秋季，最低值则分别出现在夏季、冬季和春季.生物多样性除了受种的数量及其个体密度影响外，还与多种因素有关，如水温、水质、底栖环境和人为干扰等.

Biodiversity of Macrobenthos in Upper Reaches of Huangpu River(Chinese)

This paper investigated the macrobenthic biodiversity in Upper Reaches of Huangpu River from April 2005 to March 2006.The Shannon-Wiener index(H′), species eveness index(J) and richness index(D) were used to study the community structure, species assemblage, diversity of macrobenthos in Upper Reaches of Huangpu River. A total of 13 species were collected. Of these , the dominant species with high density were Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri , Bellamya aeruginosa and Corbicula fluminea, while the dominant species with high biomass were Corbicula fluminea and Bellamya aeruginosa. The Shannon-Wiener index(H′), species eveness index(J) and richness index(D) of Dianfeng were higher than those of Songpu Bridge. In seasonal variations, all of the three indices peaked in autumn, and were the lowest in summer, winter and spring respectively. According to the analysis of data, we found that the number of species and density have great effects on biodiversity; some environmental factors such as water temperature, water quality, habitat and human disturbance also affect biodiversity greatly.