天童常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段枯落物和土壤水文特征

森林枯落物层和土壤层具有重要的生态水文功能.对天童地区常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段的研究表明:次生灌丛的枯落物层现存量(6.66 t·hm~(-2))栲树群落(6.43 t·hm~(-2))木荷群落(6.10 t·hm~(-2));栲树群落、木荷群落和次生灌丛群落枯落物层的最大持水量分别为10.58,11.29和13.88 t·hm~(-2);3种群落类型的有效拦蓄量分别为0.49,0.55和0.73 mm.在整个持水过程中,各群落中前2小时内各林分枯落物层持水作用较强.林下枯落物层持水量、吸水速率与浸水时间之间的关系式分别为Q=a lnt+b和V=kt~n.与栲树群落和木荷群落相比,次生灌丛在改善土壤物理性质和持水性能方面并不落后于这两种乔木林群落类型;研究期内,各群落类型0～30 cm土壤蓄水量在67.2～150.0 mm,不同演替阶段群落的土壤层持水能力远大于枯落物层.

Eco-hydrological functions of the evergreen broad-leaved forest litter and soil at different succession stages in Tiantong, Zhejiang

To study the eco hydrological functions of the litter and soil, we selected shrubland ( Lithocarpus glaber + Loropetalum chinense community), secondary and young evergreen broad leaved forest (EBLF) ( Schima superba community) and mature EBLF ( Castanopsis fargesii community) as research stands. The results showed that the storage of litter layer was as follows: Lithocarpus glaber + Loropetalum chinense community (6.66 t·hm^-2)＞mature Castanopsis fargesii community (6.43 t·hm^-2) ＞ Schima superba community (6.1 t·hm-²). The water holding capacity in mature EBLF, secondary and young EBLF, shrubs were 10.58，11.29 and 13.88 t·hm^-2, and the corresponding effective water holding depth of litter layer in these three types were 0.49，0.55 and 0.73 mm respectively. During the process in water holding of litter layer, the water holding capacity and absorption speed in the first 2 hours were superior to the rest of time. The equations of water holding capacity and water absorption speed with immersed time are Q=alnt+b and V=ktⁿ . Compared with Castanopsis fargesii community and Schima superba community, the physical properties and water holding capacity of soil of Lithocarpus glaber + Loropetalum chinense community didn’t drop behind the other two types of forests. During the studying period, the water storage of three forest soil within the depth of 30 cm was 67.2~150.0 mm. These results suggested that the soil layer had a better water holding capacity than that of the litter layer in different types of the forest.