水门塘国家水利风景区的鸟类多样性及其季节性动态变化

2016年11月～2017年10月,采用样线调查法和定点观察法对水门塘国家级水利风景区的鸟类多样性进行了调查,共记录到鸟类14目39科108种,其中国家1级保护鸟类1种,国家2级保护鸟类4种,安徽省地方重点保护鸟类24种。居留类型组成中,有留鸟36种(占33.3%),夏候鸟25种(占23.2%),冬候鸟24种(占22.2%),旅鸟23种(占21.3%);区系组成包括古北界51种(占47.2%),东洋界16种(占14.8%),广布种41种(占38.0%)。对鸟类种类、数量和多样性的分析结果表明,鸟类物种多样性及其数量的季节性变化较为明显,春秋两季鸟类种类较多,多样性指数和均匀度指数也相对较高;冬夏两季鸟类数量较多,但多样性指数和均匀度指数均较低。

BIRD DIVERSITY AND ITS SEASONAL DYNAMIC IN SHUIMENTANG NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES SCENIC AREA, ANHUI PROVINCE, CHINA

By the methods of line transects and fixed-spot observation, the bird diversity from November 2016 to October 2017 in Shuimentang National Water Resources Scenic Area of Anhui province was investigated. A total of 108 bird species were recorded in this area. These birds belong to 14 orders, 39 families. Among these birds, one is the national first-class protected animal and four second class, and 24 were among the list of protected animal of Anhui province. According to the movements of these birds, 36 species (33.3%) were residents, 25 species (23.2%) were summer birds, 24 species (22.2%) were winter birds and 23 (21.3%) were passengers; according to the bird distribution, 51 species (47.2%) were Palearctic, 16 species (14.8%) Oriental and 41 species (38.0%) widespread. Our results showed that the species composition and quantity of birds fluctuated seasonally. The number of bird species were larger in spring and autumn than that in summer and winter, but the bird quantities were fluctuated inversely. The indices of bird diversity and evenness also fluctuated seasonally, and showed us a relatively higher values in summer and winter.