光波偏振态的相干矩阵表示及变换的研究

为从物理本质上揭示光波偏振态、偏振的叠加、混合和传播等概念和应用，利用相干矩阵方法分析光波偏振态。深入探讨了几种特殊意义情况下光波相干矩阵的特点及其可能的合成方式。选择部分偏振态通过线性光学元件和以布儒斯特角入射介质分界面时透射光偏振特性分析的典型例子，揭示了光波偏振态的变换问题。并在邦加球中以图解形式表示光波偏振态的几种合成形式及相干矩阵传输前后的偏振态变换。图解法使物理量的代数表示几何化，能更形象地描述偏振态的物理意义。分析表明，完全描述光波的偏振特性需要相干矩阵的本征值和本征态共同表征。

RESEARCH ON COHERENCE MATRIX REPRESENTATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF POLARIZATION STATE OF LIGHT WAVES

In order to reveal the polarization state of light waves, the superposition, mixing and propagation of polarization from the physical essence, the coherent matrix method is used to analyze the polarization state of light waves. The characteristics of light wave coherence matrices in several special cases and their possible synthesis methods are discussed in depth. Through the typical examples of partially polarized states passing through linear optical elements and the examples of analysis of polarization characteristics of transmitted light when incident at the Brewster angle, the transformation of the polarization state of light waves is revealed. Several synthetic forms of polarization of light waves and the polarization state transition after coherent matrix transmission are graphically represented in Poincare sphere. The graphical method makes the algebraic representation of physical quantities geometric and describes the physical meaning of polarization more vividly. It is shown that the eigenvalues and eigenstates of the coherence matrix are needed to fully describe the polarization characteristics of light waves.