井冈山地区铁皮石斛的繁殖生物学研究

通过野外实验观察和人工控制套袋等方法,从铁皮石斛的花部基本特征、开花动态、花粉活力、柱头可授性、杂交指数、套袋实验等方面对其繁殖生物学进行了研究。结果显示:(1)井冈山地区铁皮石斛4～6月开花,种群花期近60 d,多数花(50%)在约30 d内开放,果实一般需要180 d左右才能成熟。(2)铁皮石斛花粉活力开花后24 h即可达到(62.67±6.43)%,至开花第三天,活力可达到90%,柱头可授性达到最高,至第5天柱头仍保持高可授性。(3)套袋实验表明,部分自交亲和,异交,需要传粉者。自然条件下未观察到井冈山铁皮石斛居群结实,人工自花授粉率为22.2%。该研究结果为保护和利用井冈山铁皮石斛种质资源提供了科学依据。

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF DENDROBIUM OFFICINALE IN MOUNT JINGGANGSHAN REGION

To reveal the reproductive biology of Dendrobium officinale in mount Jinggangshan region, the reproductive traits such as floral basic characteristics, phenology of flowering, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, out-crossing index and emasculation were investigated by the methods of experimental observation and bagging treatment. The results showed that:(1) D. officinale flowered during April to July, and the lifespan of population was about 60 days. Most of flowers (above 50%) bloomed within 30 days and the time for fruits maturity was about 180 days; (2) pollen viability of D. officinale could reach (62.67±6.43)% after flowering 24 hours, it reached 90% and stigma receptivity was the highest after flowering 3 days, stigma receptivity maintained highest receptivity from the third to fifth day; (3) D. officinale was compatible partly, outcrossing, it need visiting insects. However, we did not observe fruits in Jinggangshan natural region, and the maturing number was only 22.2% when bagged with emasculation and artificial xenogamy were performed in the same plant. It is obvious that, above results provide scientific basis for the protection and utilization of D. officinale in Jinggangshan region.