西安历史文化三题——兼谈史学研究的动态及相关问题

西安古称长安,世界闻名古都,“西安历史”的概念往往易与“长安都城史”相混淆。它的内涵和定义,应是从长安至西安所辖地区的政治、经济、军事、文化、民俗史、都城史为其内容的一部分;西安历史文化的概念近似“历史”的范畴,而不像“历史”那样注重历史发展规律的探讨,范围似乎比历史广泛,民间文化重于王朝文化;西安文明史的概念有两种:马列主义的社会文明史,即西安从夏代至今的文明史(政治、经济、文化等无所不包);从蓝田猿人至今的精神、物质、制度等包罗万象之文明史(这一说法认同者较少)。二者的地域,与“历史”、“文化”一样,一般是以今日西安市所辖的区、县范围为准。三者的定义和内涵很难区分,从所见到的《中国历史》、《中国文化史》、《中国文明史》看,除上限与写法、偏重与范围有所区别外,主体内容似乎均一致。

The Three Issues Related to Xi'an History and Culture

Xi'an,traditionally known as Chang'an,is the world-wide ancient capital.The concept of Xi'an history is always mixed up with the history of Chang'an as the capital.So the connotation of the name should be regarded as a part of content related to the politics,economy,military, culture,local customs of the districts under the jurisdiction of Xi'an.Particularly,the concept of Xi'an history and culture is approximate to history but a little wider than it,and its folk culture attaches to the imperial culture.What's more,Xi'an history of civilization consists of the social civilization of Marxism and the all-inclusive civilized history including the spirit,material and system from the Lantian ape period to now.From the books,Chinese History,Chinese History of Culture,and Chinese History of Civilization,it seems that the main ideas are similar,only the explaining way,stress and category are different,so it is difficult to distinct their definitions and connotations.