曝气生物流化床处理炼油厂含硫和高氨氮污水的研究

炼油厂含硫污水因含高浓度的油、COD、硫化物及挥发酚而难于生化降解，催化剂生产中排放的污水因含高浓度的氨氮、盐类、悬浮物质以及低浓度的有机物而成为水处理的难题．本文采用一种曝气生物流化床（ABFT）工艺，对含硫污水和催化剂高氨氮污水的混合污水进行了现场连续试验，结果表明：在混合污水COD为2090mg／L、氨氮为600mg／L、挥发酚为27mg／L和硫化物为154mg／L的情况下，ABFT系统出水COD为95mg／L、氨氮为4．0mg／L、挥发酚为0．30mg／L和硫化物为0．0067mg／L，出水达到了国家污水排放标准一级标准．在处理工艺中，动态氧化和混凝沉淀作为预处理，ABFT反应器采用了合成高分子载体固定化微生物技术，该载体具有大孔网状以及优良的机械强度和化学性能，高效微生物B350通过化学键固定在载体上．克氏定氮法表明，ABFT中生物负载量为32mg／L．试验结果显示：在处理高氨氮污水方面，ABFT工艺比SBR工艺具有更强的优势，同时，ABFT系统具有较高的处理效率和耐冲击负荷能力．

Aerobic Biological Fluidized Bed Technology Treatment of Sulfur and High Ammonia-nitrogen Wastewater in a Petroleum Refinery

Wastewaters from petrochemical plants are of two types: high sulfur wastewater with high levels of sulfur, oil, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol; and high ammonia-nitrogen wastewater emanating from catalyst workshops, which contains large concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen, salinity, suspended solids (SS) and lower organic pollutants.Conventional biological treatments are expensive and not very effective at handling both kinds of wastewater stream. In this paper, a new aerobic biological fluidized bed technology (ABFT) process is proposed, whereby a mixture of the two kinds of wastewater is treated. A pilot experiment has been conducted to examine the feasibility of treating the mixed wastewater stream. In the experiment, the initial mean concentrations of contaminants in the mixed wastewater are: COD = 2090mg · L-1, NH4+-N = 600mg · L-1, volatile phenol = 27mg · L-1,and sulfide = 154mg · L-1. After treatment by the ABFT process, the mean concentrations are as follows: COD =95mg · L-1, NH4+-N =4.0mg · L-1, volatile phenol 0. 30mg · L-1 and sulfide 0. 0067mg · L-1. The results meet the demands of China's National First-grade Standard for Integrated Wastewater Discharge. In the ABFT process, methods of dynamic oxidation, mixing and sedimentation are applied to wastewater pretreatment, with the use of immobilized microorganisms on a patented synthesized polymer carrier providing the core technology. The carrier employed as fluidized media in the ABFT reactor has a porous reticular structure, and it exhibits excellent mechanical strength and chemical characteristics.Highly efficient B350 microorganisms have been selected that can be immobilized on the carrier by chemical bonds. The Kjeldahl-Gunning test for nitrogen determination indicates that the mean average immobilized biomass on the carrier is 32g · L-1 (H2O). Experimental investigations show that the proposed ABFT process has overwhelming advantages over the conventional sequencing biological reactor (SBR) process, particularly with regard to treatment of high ammonia-nitrogen wastewater. Meanwhile, the treatment efficiency and the resistance capacity against sudden changes in loading are both significantly increased.