Investigation on regenerator temperature inhomogeneity in Stirling-type pulse tube cooler

Regenerator is one of the most crucial components to pulse tube cooler (PTC) and thermoacoustic engine. As such regenerator is scaled up to high-power, the thermal and hydrodynamic communication transverse to the acoustic axis gets weaker and weaker. Under this condition, any unsymmetric factor could cause serious instability to the cooler or engine, which degrades their performance. Investigation has been carried out on a high-power two-stage thermal-coupled U-shape Stirling-type PTC. By detailed circumferential temperature measurements along the middle heat exchanger and second stage regenerator, a kind of temperature inhomogeneity caused by unsymmetric pre-cooling effect of inter-stage thermal bridge was found in the lower part of the regenerator of the PTC. The temperature inhomogeneity originating from the middle heat exchanger of the second stage regenerator amplified itself in the lower part of the regenerator and then internal streaming formed. The maximal radial temperature difference could reach 30–40 K. Experimental results show that the temperature inhomogeneity intensifies with increased pre-cooling power and its direction can be reversed by changing the pre-cooling effect of the first stage PTC to heating effect by using external thermal load. This research shows that it is important to maintain the heating or cooling effects of heat exchangers uniform in high-power regenerative coolers and engines. Supported by the German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) (Grant Nos. 03SX221A) and German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) Foundation