The universality and biological significance of signal molecules with intracellular-extracellular compatible functions |
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Authors: | Daye Sun |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, 050016 Shijiazhuang, China |
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Abstract: | Generally, cell signal molecules are classified into the extracellular signal molecules (the first messengers) and the intracellular
signal ones (the second messengers). Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP), calcium ions and calmodulin (CaM) are the traditional
intracellular messengers, but they are also present in extracellular matrix (ECM). Some of them have been discovered to act
as the first messengers through cell surface receptors. Other second messengers, such as cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP),
cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) and annexin, are also found existing outside animal and plant cells. The existence
of these messengers with intracellular-extracellular compatible functions in cells may be a regular biological phenomenon.
These compatible messengers might be the communication factors between intracellular and extracellular regions or among the
cell populations, and are also important in regulating cell development procedure. |
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Keywords: | intracellular signal extracellular signal compatible messenger |
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