昌都30年雷暴变化的气候特征及雷电灾害的预防

文章根据昌都站1971～2000年雷暴观测资料，分析了昌都雷暴的年、季、月、日、初日、终日的气候变化，以及雷暴持续期、持续时间、移动方向和强雷暴日数。结果表明：昌都雷暴集中出现在5～9月，尤以7月份雷暴日数最多；一天之中雷暴主要出现在午后至傍晚（13～20时）；每次雷暴持续时间多在30分钟以内；30年昌都雷暴日数（-3．90d／10a）、雷暴持续期（-6．83d／10a）和强雷暴日数（-2．43d／10a）均呈减少趋势；雷暴初日略有推迟（3．24d／10a），终日有所提前（3．59d／10a）。并从防雷减灾的角度重点针对农牧区提出对雷电灾害的预防。

Climatic Characteristics of change in thunderstorm in 30 years in Chamdo and prevention of lightning disaster

In present paper, the yearly, seasonal, monthly and daily changes in thunderstorm climate, first day, last day of thunderstorm, and the period, duration, direction of movement of thunderstorm and strong thunderstorm days were analyzed according to 30 （1971-2000） years observation data of thunderstorm from Chamdo station. The result showed that the thunderstorm concentrated from May to September, especially in the largest number of days occurred in July; the daily thunderstorms mainly oecur in the afternoon to-evening （13 to 20 o＇cloek ）; the duration of each thunderstorm is less than 30 minutes; the number of thunderstorm days, （-3.90d/10a） duration of thunderstorms （-6.83d/10a） and strong thunderstorm days（-2.43d/10a）showed a decrease trend in 30 years; first day thunderstorm is slight delayed （3.24d/10a） and end of day of thunderstorm is some days in advanced （3.59d/10a）. The perspective of reducing mine disaster and focusing on agricultural and pastoral areas, preventing against lightning disaster can be proposed.