出土文献孔子言论参照下的《论语》新解——以《子罕》首章为例

文章以14篇出土文献孔子言论为参照,尝试订正一千八百余年来对《论语.子罕》首章的误谈。通过分析《论语》本文,尤其是以出土文献为参照,可以看出,孔子很少说到＂利＂,而多次谈论＂命＂、＂仁＂。作为儒家创始人,孔子信从命与仁的观念。《子罕》首章的句读当为＂子罕言利,与命,与仁＂,＂与＂当看作＂举＂（称引）的通假字。该章可直译为：孔子很少说＂利＂,却（多次）称引＂命＂、称引＂仁＂。

A New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius with Reference to .the Unearthed Literature of Confucius Remarks： Taking the First Chapter of ZiHan as an Example

With reference to 14 pieces of the unearthed literature of Confucius remarks, this paper makes an attempt to correct some misunderstandings in the first chapter of ZiHan in the Analects of Confucius since the past 1700 years. It examines eight kinds of representative punctuations. Through the analysis of the Analectsof Confucious text, especially the unearthed literature of confucius re marks, it may be concluded that Confucius seldom says （benefit）, but several times talks about （life, destiny） and （benevolenee）. As the founder of Confucianism, Confucius believes in or approvs the idea of （life, destiny） and （benevolence）. The punctuation for the first chapter of ZiHan should be should be regarded as borrowed word of （quote）. This chapter can be translated as Confucius seldom says （benefit）, but repeatdly quotes （ life, destiny） and （benevolence）.