试探封建时期中国与西欧城市在功能上的差异

在封建时期,中国与西欧的城市在功能上有着巨大的差异.在经济方面,中国的城市经济由政府王导,官营经济占主体地位,其功能基本上是为封建地主阶级提供生活必需品和奢侈消费品,城市通过征收封建地租、赋税等方式对农村进行剥削.西欧的城市经济则完全掌握在私人手中,它不仅为封建主提供奢侈品,同时也为一般市民和农民提供生产资料和生活资料,城市通过商品渗透的方式从农村榨取财富.在政治方面,中国的城市是封建统治阶级的政治堡垒,是对广大农村进行统治的据点,是封建社会长期稳定的重要因素.西欧的城市则不断进行反对封建领主的斗争,破坏封建庄园经济,催生了资本主义的生产关系.

A Tentative Study of the Functional Differences between Cities of Feudalistic China and those of Western Europe

In the feudalistic period,there were tremendous differences between chinese cities and West European cities.In economy,Chinese urban economy was guided by the government.The government-guided economy had a principal part,whose function was basically to provide life necessities and luxuries.By levying land rents and taxes,the government cruelly exploited the rural peasants.The urban economy in Western Europe was completely private.It could only provide luxuries for the feudal landowners,but also provide products and living materials.The government would collect money from the rural areas by goods infiltration.In politics,Chinese cities were the political fortress of feudal ruling class.They were the strongpoints governing the vast rural areas and they were long steady important factors of feudal society.West European cities constantly had a struggle against feudal lords and destroyed the feudal manorial economy and therefore brought about the capitalist relationship of production