晚清京职文官俸禄收入概况探析

清朝实行官员低俸给和重外轻内的俸制标准。晚清特别是甲午战后,京职文官俸银、禄米以多种形式遭到削减,以至于文官俸制体系有名无实,陋规收入成为晚清官员最主要的收入来源。这固然受制于晚清财政之窘迫,但也反映了清王朝俸制体系的僵化。低俸给与陋规盛行,导致吏治日益腐败,也加速了清王朝的灭亡。

Study on Beijing civilians’ salary in the Late Qing Dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty, the government implemented a low salary aystem and a system of civilians outside Beijing enjoying higher salary than of those inside Beijing. In the Late Qing Dynasty, particularly after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, the Qing government implemented a salary cut policy to greatly reduce Beijing civilians’ money and rice due to both a severe financial deficit and an inflexible salary system. Thus, most of the civilians relied on corruption for main income. The prevalence of both low salary system and corrupt rules led to worse financial circumstances and administrative corruption and accelerated ultimately the fall of the Qing Dynasty.