基于资源保护理论和生态类比的干旱灾害应对分析*

目的利用交叉研究方法,探讨慢性干旱灾害的应对方式,目的是提高个人和社会对慢发性灾害影响的认知。方法利用资源保护理论和"生态类比"的多层次理论框架,以现有干旱灾害文献为基础,分析个人、家庭和社区对干旱的响应。结果 (1)现有灾害研究主要集中在急性灾害,忽视慢性灾害;(2)慢性灾害不同于急性灾害,慢性灾害的社区应对有其特色,但也可以借鉴急性灾害的应对;(3)除了经济、农业应对策略、个人资源和社会资源外,需要研究个体层面的灾害评估和应对以及心理应对策略。结论干旱灾害的影响是全面的,需要更多严谨、实证研究去探讨,重视生态和资源保护是减少旱灾的有效措施。

Analysis of drought disaster response based on the theory of resource conservation and ecological analogy

Purposes—To improve the individuals and society's cognition of slow‐onset disasters by exploring the ways to deal with the chronic drought disaster with the cross‐level approach .Methods—The response of individuals ,families and communities to drought is analyzed based on the existing lit‐erature of drought disasters and the multilevel theoretical framework of resource conservation and eco‐logical analogy .Results—(1) The current disaster research focused on acute disasters ,but ignored chronic disasters .(2) The chronic disasters are different from acute disasters ,the community's re‐sponse to chronic disasters should not only have their own characteristics but also can learn from the acute disaster response .(3) In addition to coping strategies of economy and agriculture ,personal and social resources ,disaster assessment and response as well as psychological coping strategies for indi‐viduals needs to be studied .Conclusions—The impact of drought on the people is comprehensive , more rigorous and empirical research needs to be explored ,paying more attention to ecology and re‐sources protection is an effective measure to reduce drought .