空气污染对儿童大脑发育的影响

目的综述空气污染对儿童身体健康的影响,特别是对于儿童大脑发育的影响,为控制污染和保护儿童健康成长提供参考依据。方法利用文献法对国内外40余篇关于空气污染对儿童大脑发育影响的参考文献进行概述。结果 (1)生活在世界各地大中城市的一些儿童群体样本出现的一定程度神经、行为和认知变化与空气污染暴露有关;(2)怀孕动物产前暴露于单一或复合标准污染物,其子代会产生神经递质永久性变化,同时改变大脑发育;(3)天然屏障(如血脑屏障、鼻腔、肠和肺上皮屏障)的健康发展对儿童健康发育结果至关重要:(4)空气污染会导致大脑中广泛性神经炎症,进而造成大脑各个部位神经组织的损伤和弥漫性损失,最终影响认知功能的发展。(5)接触空气污染物可能会对脊髓的髓鞘和中枢神经系统中神经元的功能产生有害影响,也会使促炎症介质中神经炎症与细胞损失明显增加。结论面对严重的空气污染,对青少年健康特别是对儿童大脑发育的影响日益受到人们的关注。未来研究不仅需要严格控制污染物排放标准,保护人类生存环境;而且需要采用多种技术,进行跨学科协作研究,以实现对暴露于空气污染物环境条件下的儿童进行有效保护,同时也需要制定有效策略,从健康教育和流行病学角度进行深入研究,监测空气污染物对儿童健康的影响,确保儿童健康成长。

The effect of air pollution on children's brain development

Purposes—To provide reference for controlling pollution and protecting children's healthy grow th by reviewing the effects of air pollution on children's physical health,especially on the development of children's brain.Methods—Literature consultation was used to review a total of more than 40 domestic and international articles about the effects of air pollution on the development of chil-dren's brain.Results—(1)Some samples of children in large and medium-sized cities around the world showed that a certain degree of changes in nerve,behavior and cognition are related to the exposures to polluted air.(2)If the pregnant animals are exposed to single pollutant or pollutants with multiple criteria during pregnancy,their offspring will produce the permanent changes in neurotransmitter and the change in the brain development.(3)T he healthy development of natural barriers(such as the blood-brain barrier as well as the barriers of nasal,gut and lung epitheliums)is crucial importance for the developmental outcome of child's healthy.(4)Exposure to polluted air will lead to extensive nerve inflammation in the brain,thus causing the injury of nerve tissue in brain parts and diffuse loss,and ultimately affecting the development of cognitive function.(5)Exposure to air pollutants may have deleterious effect on the myelination and the function of neurons within the central nervous system,as well as a measureable increase in proinflammatory mediators contributing to neuroinflammation and cell loss.Conclusion—Air pollution has been exploding in recent years,and its impact on children's brain development has been paid more and more attention.Future research should need of a multidis-ciplinary approach by using a variety of techniques.T he aim of this study is to achieve the goal of pro-tecting children exposed to air pollutants,w hile effective strategies are needed to monitor the effects of air pollutants on neurocognitive function in children.