鹦鹉洲的演化及相关问题的讨论

鹦鹉洲是长江武汉段中最重要的沙洲，其历史时期中数次变迁、几经沉浮的演变史具有重要的研究价值，鹦鹉洲除了文化意义外，其生成、演化对武汉的城市和社会的发展有着至关重要的影响.该文基于大量有关鹦鹉洲的历史地图和文史资料，对鹦鹉洲演变过程进行了梳理，并基于河流地貌学和河流动力学对其演变原因进行分析.研究认为：鹦鹉洲演化特征和过程整体可分为两个阶段：武昌鹦鹉洲阶段和汉阳鹦鹉洲阶段，两个阶段又可细分为五个时期，其中武昌鹦鹉洲阶段包含：鹦鹉洲的相对稳定期(约198年—1458年)、不稳定期(包括前期(1459年—1467年)和后期(1468年—1643年))和消亡期(1644年—1732年)；汉阳鹦鹉洲阶段则包括重现期(约1733年—1795年)和并岸成陆期(约1796至今)；从武昌鹦鹉洲到汉阳鹦鹉洲的转变并非鹦鹉洲的自身迁徙，而是洲名的侨置.分析认为，全新世以来长江主河道并未发生改变，长江对武汉早期经济和社会的影响主要体现在河道中沙洲及岸线的关系及变化，鹦鹉洲的“变化”直接成就了武昌南市和汉阳南市的繁荣，推动了武昌和汉阳的发展.关于鹦鹉洲沉浮的原因，认为除了河流动力条件的变化外，汉水主泓入江口由龟山南转为龟山北也是重要因素.

Study on the evolution of Yingwuzhou and related discussion

Yingwuzhou is the most significant sandbank which belong to Wuhan section of Yangtze River， whose complicated evolution history has great value for study. Apart from profound cultural background， its formation and evolution history are also vital for urban and social development of Wuhan City. Based on large amounts of historical maps and records， the detailed evolution process and causes of the island are analyzed. According to historical emigrant settings， the whole evolution is divided into two stages. The first is the Wuchang Yingwuzhou stage， which can be subdivided into three periods the relatively stable period (about 198-1458)； the unstable period which includes the early state (1459-1467) and later state (1468-1643)； and the disappearing period (1644-1732). The following one is the Hanyang Yingwuzhou stage， which contains the reappearing period (1733-1795) and land-forming period (since 1796). Results show that the main channel of Yangtze River has no change since the Holocene. The influence on Wuhan City from Yangtze River is mainly related to its sandbanks and shorelines and the “change” of Yingwuzhou directly promotes the prosperity of Wuchang & Hanyang City. As for reasons of island variation， it's suggested that the joint of Han River and Yangtze River switching from Guishan South to North is another important factor besides river dynamic conditions.