基于结构与功能脆弱性的黄石市生态脆弱度评价

资源枯竭型城市在高强度的人类活动后往往出现较严重的生态退化问题，因此在该类型地区开展生态脆弱度评价具有积极意义.该文基于遥感(RS)和地理信息(GIS)技术，从生态结构性脆弱与生态功能性脆弱两个方面选取相关指标，构建了黄石市生态脆弱性综合指数模型，并采用自然打断法开展脆弱度的等级划分和评价.结果表明： 1) 2009—2019年黄石市各景观类型指数变化明显，建设用地和林地优势度增加；耕地破碎度大幅增加而优势度减小；居民用地破碎度大幅减小而优势度减小；废弃工矿用地面积减少，破碎度和优势度减小.2) 黄石市2009—2019年生态脆弱指数平均值为0.258±0.063，整体处于轻度脆弱且空间分异明显，北部和中部地区脆弱度高，主要为高程较高、坡度较大的山区、林区以及海拔较低的磁湖、大冶湖等水域；南部地区脆弱度低.3) 黄石市生态脆弱度高的区域面积整体呈下降趋势，2019年生态脆弱度高的区域面积为99 053.51 hm2，较2009年下降了4.69%；10 年间由高等级脆弱向低等级脆弱转移的总面积为51 109 hm2，占总面积的70.08%，其中面积变化最大的是由中度脆弱向轻度脆弱转移24 720.48 hm2，主要集中在大冶市矿产资源开采区和水文旅游资源开发区的交界处，矿山治理和水体生态修复成效初显；黄石市市域内区域生态脆弱现状依然严峻，尤其市内三个区仍有超过60%的地区处于强度脆弱等级以上，还需持续不断地推进生态文明建设，彻底实现城市成功转型发展.

Landscape ecological vulnerability assessment based on structural and functional vulnerability

Resource exhausted cities often have serious ecological degradation after high-intensity human activities. Therefore， it is of positive significance to carry out ecological vulnerability assessment in this type of areas. Based on remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system(GIS) technology， relevant indicators are selected from two aspects of ecological structural vulnerability and ecological functional vulnerability. A comprehensive index model of ecological vulnerability in Huangshi City is constructed， and the natural interruption method is utilized to classify and evaluate the vulnerability. The results are shown as follows. 1) From 2009 to 2019， the landscape type index of Huangshi City changed significantly， and the dominance of construction land and forest land increased. The fragmentation degree of cultivated land increased significantly and the dominance degree decreased. The fragmentation of residential land is greatly reduced and the dominance is reduced. The area of abandoned industrial and mining land is reduced， and the fragmentation and dominance are reduced. 2)The average value of ecological vulnerability index of Huangshi City from 2009 to 2019 is 0.258 ± 0.063， which is slightly vulnerable and has obvious spatial differentiation. The vulnerability is high in northern and central regions， mainly in mountainous areas and forest areas with high elevation and large slope， as well as Cihu Lake， Daye Lake and other waters with low altitude. The vulnerability in southern region is low. 3)The area with high ecological vulnerability in Huangshi City shows a downward trend as a whole， and the area with high ecological vulnerability in 2019 is 99 053.51 hm2， decreased by 4.69% compared with 2009. The total area transferred from high-level vulnerability to low-level vulnerability in 10 years is 51 109 hm2， which accounts for 70.08% of the total area. The largest area change is 24 720.48 hm2 from moderate vulnerability to mild vulnerability， which is mainly concentrated at the junction of mineral resources exploitation area and hydrological tourism resources development area in Daye City， where the effects of mine treatment and water ecological restoration are beginning to show. The current situation of regional ecological vulnerability in Huangshi City is still severe. In particular， more than 60% of the three districts in Huangshi City are still above the level of intensity vulnerability. It is necessary to continuously promote the construction of ecological civilization and completely realize the successful transformation and development of the city.