GIS数字地形模型的建立及应用研究

介绍了GIS数字地形模型（DTM）的构造原理和方法，用离散点移动拟合距离加权平衡插值方法生成了GIS数字高程模型（DEM），以DEM为基础，用离散点插值数值拟合方法构造了DTM的数学模型，用该模型从DEM中提取地面单元的平均高程、相对高程、高差、高程变形、坡度、坡向、地面粗糙度、坡面形态、谷脊特征线、沟谷密度、沟谷深度等各种地形结构线，由EDM产生了三维地形立体模型和各种地形剖面，以及地面幅照度的计算和地形阴阳坡的划分等，用该方法对晋西离石羊道沟流域的土壤侵蚀进行了试验研究。

Establishment of digital terrain model of GIS and its application

The principles and approaches for building Digital Terrain Model(DTM) of GIS are presented. The test generates Digital Elevation Model(DEM) with the distance weighted average interpolation of shifting imitation for dispersed elevation points. On the basis of the DEM, the author builds mathematical models for DTM with numerical value interpolating imitation for dispersed elevation points, and with the models, from the DEM, the author extracts the average elevation of ground unit, relative elevation, elevation difference, variation of elevation, slope, aspect, roughness of ground, formation of gradient, feature lines of gully and hill ridge, density of valley, depth of gully, and other structural lines of the terrain. Moreover, from the DEM, the author also structures three-dimensional model of topography and various sections of terrain, as well as computing irradiance of ground and dividing shade slope and sunny slope, etc. Meanwhile, with the models, the author researches soil erosion in Yangdaogou watershed, Lish county, the west of Shanxi province. And with the principle of grey control system, the author also builds quantitative analysis models, and predicts the soil erosion in test region.