纳米铝在炸药中的分散性和成型性

为了研究纳米铝在炸药中的分散性和成型性,利用不同溶剂对纳米铝进行了分散;利用超声波分散法、高速剪切混合法、叶片式搅拌混合、分散加高速分散机混合对黑索金/铝(RDX/Al)体系进行分散;采用熔融混合造粒工艺研究了不同纳米铝粉含量的成型性,采用直接混合造粒工艺研究了不同纳米铝粉含量对RDX/Al体系成型性,结果表明:乙酸乙酯的分散效果最好;超声分散可以提高纳米铝粉的分散均匀性;采用的三种工艺可以达到相同的分散效果;微米铝和纳米铝在三硝基甲苯(TNT)中的成型性基本无变化;在RDX/Al体系的压装炸药中,含纳米铝的炸药成型性较含微米铝的炸药差;含纳米铝炸药的密度随铝粉含量增加呈现非线性变化,而纳米铝和微米铝级配的炸药密度随铝粉含量增加呈现线性增加.

Study on the Dispersibility and Formability of Explosives with Nano-aluminum

In order to study the dispersibiliy and formability of explosives with nano-aluminum, the different solvents were used to disperse the nano-aluminum. Using the methods of ultrasonic wave, high-speed shear stirring, blade stirring, pre-stirring and high-speed shearing, the nano-aluminum was dispersed in the RDX/Al system. The fomability with different content of aluminum in TNT was investigated by the process of the melt-cast granulation, with different content of nano-aluminum in RDX/Al system by the process of the solvent paste process. The results showed that ethyl acetate was the best solvent in the dispersion of nano-aluminum; the ultrasonic wave could improve the distribution uniformity of nano-aluminum in the RDX/Al system, and the three kinds of distribution process had the same dispersion effect; the formability of micro-aluminum in TNT was in line with that of nano-aluminum; in the pressed explosives of RDX/Al, the formability of nano aluminum-contained explosives were inferior to that of micro aluminum contained explosives. The density of micro aluminum-contained explosives was linear, whereas the density of nano aluminum-contained explosives was nonlinear with the content of aluminum.