基于结构方程模型的武陵山区居民热浪健康风险认知与应对

目前关于贫困山区居民对热浪健康风险感知和适应行为的研究非常有限.通过在2017年采取多阶段抽样方法选取武陵山区五个县1008个当地居民样本,采用结构方程模型探索影响武陵山区居民对热浪健康风险的感知和适应行为的因素.结果表明:受访者对热浪气候的健康风险有较强感知,但风险防范意识较弱且专业健康知识非常缺乏.66.4％的受访者感觉到近年来天气变暖,71.8％的受访者认为热浪将会对健康造成威胁,且有60.6％的人在热浪天气会有身体不适反应.有92％的人有应对热浪的行为,67.5％的人会在受热浪健康风险影响时寻求帮助.然而,仅有12％的人掌握在热浪时保持健康的信息或知识,仅有23.8％的人会做事前准备.就业状况、性别和疾病状况均会影响山区居民对热浪气候的感知和适应.最后,为减少极端高温事件对山区居民健康的影响,提出开展健康教育与促进活动、建立极端天气预警系统、强化公共卫生设施和制定适宜应对策略等措施.

Analysis on the Perception of Health Risks from Heat Wave and Coping Behaviors in Wuling Mountain Area

The research on the perception of health risks from heat wave and coping behaviors among mountain residents is very limited. Adopting a multi-stage sampling method, this study received completed questionnaires from 1 008 local residents from five counties in Wuling mountain area in 2017. the structural equation model was used to explore the factors influencing residents'' perception and coping behavior. Results showed that the participants had the strong perception of the health risk of heat wave climate, but they had a weak awareness of risk prevention and lack of professional health knowledge. 66.4% of the participants felt that the weather was getting warmer in recent years, and 71.8% of the participants believed that the heat wave would pose a threat to health, and 60.6% of them had undergone physical discomfort during heat wave. There were 92% of the participants responding to the heat waves, 67.5% would seek help when threatened by health risks of heat wave. However, only 12% had the information or knowledge to stay healthy during the heat wave, and only 23.8% of them would prepare before the heat wave . It is concluded that employment status, gender and disease status were factors that made influences on mountain residents'' perception and adaptation to heat wave climate. Finally, for the sake of reducing the impact of extreme high temperature events on the health of mountain residents, it is proposed to hold health education and promotion activities, establish extreme weather warning system, strengthen public health facilities, and roll out plans and strategies to respond contingencies.