飞矛对空间运载火箭残骸的锚固捕获特性研究

随着在轨废弃航天器的不断增多，飞矛捕获成为一种清除大型空间碎片的新式方法。首先通过分析典型废弃航天器的特征属性，选定了运载火箭末子级作为飞矛捕获的在轨演示目标。接着提出了一种一体式多层级倒刺结构的飞矛，通过飞矛撞击末子级靶板的有限元动力学仿真，研究了不同初速下飞矛的锚固效果。最后为模拟空间捕获场景，赋予了捕获目标不同的自旋速度，研究了飞矛对运动末子集靶板的锚固特性。结果表明飞矛的撞击固定末子级靶板的最佳锚固初速为70m/s，并且在此速度下运动状态下的末子级靶板仍可被飞矛锚固捕获。可见飞矛在空间中捕获运载火箭残骸的方案是可行的，并且揭示出飞矛捕获方式对目标运动状态的不敏感性。

Research on Anchorage and Capture Characteristics of Space Harpoon for Abandoned Launch Vehicle

As the quantity of space debris orbiting Earth to increases, the space harpoon has emerged as a promising solution for the removal of large space debris. By examining the characteristic properties of typically abandoned spacecraft, researchers have identified the final stage of a launch vehicle as an appropriate demonstration target for capture. To achieve this, they proposed a space harpoon with an integrated multi-level barbed structure and conducted finite element dynamic simulations to study the anchoring effect of the space harpoon at different speeds. Subsequently, to simulate real-life conditions, the researchers subjected the targets varying spin speeds and analyzed the harpoon''s ability to anchor a moving target plate. The results indicate that the optimal initial velocity for the space harpoon to effectively anchor the target plate is 70m/s, and moving targets can still be captured at this speed. Consequently, it can be conclude that using space harpoons to capture abandoned launch vehicles in orbit is feasible, and that the space harpoon capture method demonstrates low sensitivity to moving targets.