紫外辐射时空变化规律研究进展

紫外辐射(ultraviolet radiation, UVR)会对人体健康，陆生及水生有机体产生伤害作用。因此，了解紫外辐射在全球及中国的分布及变化状况十分重要。综述了UVR在全球和中国地表分布状况，及影响因素。从全球而言，赤道附近南北纬23°之间UVR最强，亚马孙热带雨林地区低于周边地区，一些高海拔地区也是UVR高值区。中国UVR分布从南向北逐渐减小，从东向西增加，青藏高原一直是高值区；从时间分布来看，北半球和中国紫外辐射强度基本一致，1—7月紫外线逐渐增强，7月达到最大值，后逐渐减弱，12月达最小值。南半球时间变化与之相反，最高值出现在1月份。且因人类活动排放的消耗臭氧层物质作用，臭氧层仍持续减少，因此到达地表UVR强度最大将增加。从影响地表UVR分布因素而言，天文因素、臭氧、云、气溶胶及大气污染物、海拔高度、地表反照率等因素均对地表UVR产生重要影响。因此，加强UVR监测与预报，以及加强UVR对陆生与水生生态系统研究对生产、生活及科学研究等领域均十分重要。

Advances in temporal and spatial variation of ultraviolet radiation

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can cause harm to human health, terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Therefore, it is very important to understand the distribution and change of ultraviolet radiation in the world and China. The global and domestic surface distribution of UVR, as well as its influencing factors was reviewed. From a global perspective, UVR between the 23 o north-south latitude near the equator is the strongest, with the Amazon tropical rainforest region lower than the surrounding areas, and some high-altitude areas are also high -value areas for UVR. The distribution of UVR in China gradually decreases from south to north and increases from east to west, and the Qinghai Tibet Plateau has always been a high-value area. The UVR intensity increases gradually from January to July at the earth''s surface in the northern hemisphere and China, the total solar radiation and UVR intensity increases gradually from 1-7 months in the globe and China, reached the maximum in July, then gradually decreased, reached the minimum value in December, the time variation in the southern hemisphere is opposite, with the highest value appearing in January. The ozone layer will continue decreasing due to the effect of ozone-depleting substances from human activities, thus the UVR intensity reaching the surface will be increased. Astronomical factors, the solar activity, ozone, cloud, aerosol and atmospheric pollutants, and altitude, surface albedo and other factors have an important impact on the surface distribution of ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, it is very important for production, life and scientific research to strengthen UVR monitoring and forecasting, as well as research on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem.