移民对四川凉山州退耕还林的保障作用

通过对四川省凉山州的调查和分析认为：移民，尤其是通过教育移民是保障退耕还林成功的一项有效途径。退耕还林必须以恢复地带性植被为主，改善生态环境，帮助农民脱贫致富，并做到宜林则林，宜草则草。退耕还林出现的问题多种多样，但归根到底是经济问题和农民对未来预期收入的信心问题；关键是要把退耕还林从政府决策变为农民的自觉行动，妥善解决他们的生计问题，使他们没有后顾之忧。凉山州地处川西高山的水土流失严重地区，既不适合粮食生产也不适合人类居住，在这样环境条件下退耕还林应该以恢复地带性植被为目标，因地制宜地建立生态防护林，转移农村人口，调整产业结构和实现可持续发展。

Positive Effects of Education Migration to the Land Conversion Program in Liangshan, Sichuan Province

In order to alter the backward situations in both economical status and environmental conditions the Chinese government launched a big conversion program of cropland to forests (Grain for Green). Facing those many problems such as vegetation restoration and encouraging mechanisms, by detailed survey and data analysis on Liangshan of Sichuan province, are proposed the following suggestions: Slope land conversion must be combined with the vegetation restoration and educational migration. Not only protect the environment but also help the local people to break away from the poverty, it appeared that the most important factors to impact the Grain for Green program are the econonmic issues. The peasants are not very sure their future incomes so that they prefer to plant the non-native trees. They can get little benefits from the Grain for Green program except the government's supports So must put the government policies into an active activity of the peasant by resolve their essential living problems. Situated at the height more than 2500 m in the western Sichuan, Liangshan could produce no more than 100 kg of grain per mu. So that Liangshan should restore the native vegetation but not the fast-growing forests; migrate form the high mountains to the lower plains; enhance the education and increase the culture levels for the local people. To conserve local environment, develop economy and realize sustainable development are proposed.