白龙江引水工程深埋长隧洞工程地质问题研究

白龙江引水工程最复杂的科学和技术难题是工程穿越西秦岭段深埋长隧洞的工程地质问题，西秦岭地质背景复杂，目前研究成果较少。通过采用室内试验、现场测试和工程地质类比分析，对西秦岭1＃隧洞的高地应力、岩爆、高地温、隧洞涌水及突水、有害气体等工程地质问题进行探讨，结果表明深埋长隧洞中地应力极高，易发生岩爆或软岩大变形，可能发生软岩型大变形洞段长度占总洞长的12%，可能发生岩爆洞段长度占总洞长的45%；地下水丰富，区域断层的最大涌水量可达8.5×104 m3/d，隧洞内具备形成涌水或突水的条件；存在一定的高地温和有害气体及放射性危害，研究结果对西秦岭地区的类似工程有借鉴意义，对工程地质问题进一步研究具有指导意义。

Study on engineering geological problems of deep buried long tunnel in diversion project of Bailongjiang

The most complicated scientific and technical problem of the Bailongjiang diversion project is the engineering geological problems of the long tunnel buried in the West Qinling Mountains section of the project. The geological background of the western Qinling Mountains is complex, and the present research results are few. Based on the laboratory tests, field tests and analogy analysis of engineering geology, the high ground stress, rock burst, high temperature, tunnel water gushing and water bursting, harmful gas in west Qinling Mountains No. 1 Tunnel were discussed. The results showed that the stress is higher, and it is prone to rock bursting or soft rock deformation. The length of section which has large deformation of soft rock accounts for 12% of the total length, and the rock burst accounts for 45% . The underground water is rich, and the maximum water inflow of regional faults can reached 8.5×104m3/d. The tunnel has the condition of water gushing. There is a certain high ground temperature and harmful gas hazards. The research results can be reference for similar projects in West Qinling Mountains, and will be guiding significance for further study of engineering geological problems.