乡村聚落用地变化类型及其优化调控——以贵阳市东风镇为例

乡村聚落是农村居民的生活空间,也是乡村振兴和优化调控的基本单元。基于斑块形态和面积等角度划分乡村聚落类型,以总变化率和年均净变化率两个指标将东风镇村级研究区划分为为增长型活跃区、增减平衡型活跃区、减少型活跃区和变化迟缓型区。研究表明：(1)东风镇乡村聚落的斑块数量呈现逐年增多的趋势,但增幅在下降,乡村聚落景观出现了破碎化现象,不同年份各行政村乡村聚落的发展并不平衡,但具体到每个村斑块数量和面积的增加各异。(2)东风镇位于坝地区域的自然村寨变化剧烈,在不同的时间段内乡村聚落类型变化形态出现了多次转变,如云锦村,这是由于受到较多的交通发展等人类活动影响导致的；位于山区的自然村寨变化较缓慢,典型的如麦穰村。(3)通过乡村聚落总变化率和年均净变化率公式计算得到东风镇基于面积的乡村聚落类型。由于研究时段的划分导致时间间隔不一致,部分村落在不同时段出现了乡村聚落面积先增加后减少的趋势。(4)本研究在对东风镇乡村聚落用地变化类型划分的基础上,按照集聚提升、融入城镇、特色保护、搬迁撤并的思路,分类推进东风镇的乡村振兴和各村落的优化调控。

Types of rural settlement land change and its optimal control in rapid urbanization area-A case study of Dongfeng town, Guiyang

Rural settlement is not only the living space of rural residents, but also the basic unit of Rural Revitalization and optimization. Based on the patch shape and area, the rural settlement types are divided into three types: the growth type active area, the increase and decrease balance type active area, the decrease type active area and the slow change type. The results show that: (1) the number of patches in rural settlements in Dongfeng town is increasing year by year, but the increase rate is decreasing, and the landscape of rural settlements appears fragmentation phenomenon. The development of rural settlements in different administrative villages is not balanced in different years, but the increase of patch number and area in each village is different. (2) The natural villages in the dam area of Dongfeng Town have changed dramatically. In different periods of time, the change patterns of rural settlement types have changed many times, such as Yunjin village, which is caused by more human activities such as traffic development; the natural villages in the mountain area have changed slowly, such as Mairang village. (3) According to the formula of total change rate and annual net change rate of rural settlements, the type of rural settlements based on area in Dongfeng town is obtained. Due to the different time intervals caused by the division of the study period, some villages have the trend of first increasing and then decreasing the rural settlement area in different periods. (4) Based on the classification of the change types of rural settlement land in Dongfeng Town, according to the ideas of cluster promotion, integration into the town, characteristic protection, relocation and merger, this study classified and promoted the Rural Revitalization of Dongfeng Town and optimized regulation of each village.