生物炭及其固定化微生物对垃圾堆肥的除臭增效作用

将环境中越来越多的废弃物变废为宝，一直是人们研究的热点和难点。本文利用廉价生物质废弃物，采用微波热解制备出了具有高吸附性能的生物炭，并采用富集培养方法，从垃圾填埋场中筛选出一株除臭细菌Pl-1, 经16s rDNA鉴定为壤霉菌。在此基础上，采用载体结合法将除臭菌吸附固定在生物炭上，开展了垃圾堆肥生物炭除臭增效技术研究。结果表明，微波热解制备生物炭具有快速、均匀和高效的优点，制备的生物炭不仅可以吸附污染物，而且通过固定除臭细菌Pl-1对垃圾堆肥中恶臭物质NH3和H2S的去除效率可达 81.6%和90.2%，堆肥产品的肥效与生物炭施用量密切相关，具有低剂量刺激高剂量抑制的现象，其中, 堆肥微生物呼吸强度剂量效应关系方程为Y=-0.018X2 0.6655X 5.0723。

Foul smell elimination and fertilizer efficiency enhancement of composting by immobilizing bacterial on biochar

Transforming waste into valuable materials is an important and difficult challenge considering the increasing amount of waste discharged into the environment. In this study, we designed and created an environment-friendly microwave pyrolysis device for biochar production. Biochars with high adsorption performance were prepared from agricultural and river wastes. The deodorizing bacteria strain Pl-1 was selected from a landfill. This soil mold was identified based on the 16s rDNA gene sequence. A method for foul smell elimination and fertilizer efficiency enhancement during composting by biochars with deodorizing strains was implemented. The results indicated that the microwave pyrolysis device is rapid, uniform, and highly efficient. The biochars not only adsorb the pollutants, but also eliminate gas odor and enhance fertilizer efficiency. The removal percentages of H2S and NH3 were 81.6% and 90.2%, respectively. The fertilizer efficiency of the compost product depends on the application rate of the biochars, which induced stimulation and inhibition at low and high doses, respectively. The dose-to-soil respiration intensity is Y = -0.018X2 0.6655X 5.0723. These results indicated that the biochar application rate is the most important factor during biochar application.