1959～2012年夏季珠三角地区高温热浪的时空 分布特征及其城市热岛效应的影响分析

本文采用珠三角地区9个观测站点1959-2012年夏季(6-8月)逐日02h、08h、14h、20h的温度资料研究珠三角地区夏季高温热浪天气日数和强度的时空分布特征,以及暖夜日数的历年变化趋势,并分析了2000-2012年夏季广州市城市热岛效应对高温热浪天气的影响。研究表明：1)珠三角地区高温热浪日数及强度的时空分布特征相似,空间分布上呈从北向南递减趋势,时间分布上20世纪60年代到80年代呈减少趋势,80年代开始呈增加趋势,21世纪之后大幅增加,并在2007年达到峰值；2)珠三角地区暖夜日数呈增加趋势,且高值区分布与高温热浪日数和强度的分布相似,均发生在90年代末以后；3)1980-2012年夏季广州站各项要素的增加速度均为最快,说明城市热岛效应对广州市区的高温热浪(暖夜)的强度和持续时间均有增强作用；4)2000-2012年夏季广州市6次高温热浪过程中,城区的暖夜日数占总日数的78.6%,郊区的暖夜日数占总日数的14.2%,说明城市热岛效应对城区高温热浪期间夜间温度的影响比白天更为突出。

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Summer Heat Waves in the Pearl River Delta Region during 1959-2012 and Analysis of the Impact of Urban Heat Island Effect

This paper uses the temperature data of 9 observation sites in the Pearl River Delta region from 1959 to 2012 (June-August) at 02h, 08h, 14h and 20h, and studies the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of summer hot and cold weather days and intensity in the Pearl River Delta region, as well as warm nights. The trend of the number of days has been analyzed over the years, and the impact of the urban heat island effect of Guangzhou in the summer of 2000-2012 on the hot and cold weather is analyzed. The research shows that: 1) The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the number and intensity of high temperature heat waves in the Pearl River Delta region are similar, and the spatial distribution decreases from north to south. The time distribution decreases from the 1960s to the 1980s, and the trend begins to increase in the 1980s. After the 21st century, it increased sharply and reached its peak in 2007. 2) The number of warm night days in the Pearl River Delta region showed an increasing trend, and the distribution of high-valued areas was similar to the distribution of high-temperature heat waves and intensity, which occurred after the late 1990s; 3) In the summer of 1980-2012, the increase rate of various elements in Guangzhou Station was the fastest, indicating that the urban heat island effect enhanced the intensity and duration of the high temperature heat wave (warm night) in Guangzhou; 4) Summer 2000-2012 During the 6 high-temperature heat waves in Guangzhou, the number of warm night days in the city accounted for 78.6% of the total number of days, and the number of warm night days in the suburbs accounted for 14.2% of the total number of days, indicating that the effect of urban heat island effect on nighttime temperature during urban heat wave is more prominent than during the day.