不同抽油机井系统效率计算模型研究与节能效果

为降低油井生产能耗和提高系统效率,油田应用了多种新型节能抽油机,但缺乏节能抽油机特性与节能效果及其选型理论的研究。为此,基于常规游梁式抽油机、异相型抽油机、调径变矩抽油机、异型抽油机和皮带式抽油机的工作动态特性,建立了不同抽油机的油井地面效率计算模型,并运用抽油杆柱纵向振动的一维有阻尼波动方程,以悬点运动规律和井下泵的受力状况为边界条件,建立了抽油机井地面功图与泵功图的计算模型;井下举升效率和系统效率计算模型。研究不同抽油机井的系统效率和节电率,分析了不同井液黏度和不同下泵深度对抽油机井系统效率的影响。结果表明,与常规游梁式抽油机相比较,其它四种抽油机都能达到提高系统效率和节电节能的目的,其中皮带式抽油机的系统效率为最高,相对于常规游梁式抽油机井提高9.06%,节电率为22.36%;随着井液黏度的增大,油井生产系统效率均降低,皮带式抽油机井的下降幅度较小,适合于稠油井的应用;抽油机井存在油井生产系统效率最高的合理下泵深度(或合理沉没度)。

The study of the system efficiency calculation model and Energy-saving effect of different pumping unit wells

For reducing energy consumption and increasing system efficiency, many types of energy-efficient pumping units are applied . But the study of motion characteristics of different types of pumping units and Energy-saving effect comparison is lacking. The choice of pumping units is difficult. So basing on the motion characteristics of different types of pumping units(conventional beam-pumping unit, different phase float frame pumping unit, deformed pumping unit, adjustable diameter torque pumping unit and belt type pumping unit) , we had built the ground efficiency calculation model. On the basis of wave equation ( or called Gibbs Equation ) , the law of suspension center motion and the operation of bottom hole pump , the calculation model of lifting efficiency and system efficiency had been set up . And we also had calculated the system efficiency and power-saving rate of different types of pumping units, and had analyzed the impacts of different well fluid viscosity and different pump depth on system efficiency. The result are as follows , all of the modified pumping units can improve system efficiency and power-saving rate when compared with the conventional bean-pumping unit , and the belt type pumping unit achieves the best results ,its system efficiency is more 9.06%. than conventional beam-pumping unit., and its power-saving rate is 22.36%. For different types of pumping units, following the increases of well fluid viscosity, the system efficiency will be lower. However, the magnitude of the drop of the belt type pumping unit is small, so it is suitable for the heavy oil well production; pumping unit has reasonable submergence, in this case, system efficiency is highest.