城市中心路内停车与停车换乘的动态优化模型

城市中心区停车问题与交通拥堵问题密切相关,也与停车换乘(P+R)问题相关,交通流、路边停车和P+R需要统一模型研究。为此,建立考虑交通流的城市中心路内停车与P+R的动态优化模型。短期最优流率模型考虑到路内停车位会减少正常行驶车辆的道路空间,而且巡航停车会和其它车辆产生拥堵,为此,需要加快路内停车周转率,将路内停车资源与交通流协同管理。短期停车容量模型利用Stackelberg博弈：在政府追求社会总成本最小和私人运营商追求利润最大的基础上,出行者追求用户出行成本最小。研究表明,在需求固定的情况下,随着车辆停放时间的增加,路内停车费与P+R停车费都在不断下降,路内停车容量在不断减少,而P+R停车容量不断增加,说明如果选择短时停车或者临时停车,可以选择路内停车；而如果选择长时间停车,可以选择P+R停车。在需求远大于供给时,路内停车将演化为车道控制。

Dynamic Optimization Model of Parking and P+R in Urban Center with Traffic Flow

The parking problem in central urban areas is closely related to the problem of traffic congestion, and is also related to the problem of park and ride (P+R). Traffic flow, on-street parking and P+R need to be studied in a unified model. To this end, a dynamic optimization model of parking and P+R in the city center with traffic flow is established. The short-term optimal flow rate model takes into account that on-street parking spaces will reduce the road space of normal driving vehicles, and cruise parking will cause congestion with other vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up on-street parking turnover rate and cordinate on-street parking resources and traffic flow management. The short-term parking capacity model uses the Stackelberg game: on the basis of the government"s pursuit of the smallest total social cost and the private operator"s pursuit of the largest profit, travelers seek the smallest travel cost for users. Studies have shown that under the condition of fixed demand, with the increase of vehicle parking time, on-street parking fees and P+R parking fees are constantly decreasing, on-street parking capacity is continuously decreasing, and P+R parking capacity is continuously increasing. Explain that if you choose short-term parking or temporary parking, you can choose on-street parking; and if you choose long-term parking, you can choose P+R parking. When the demand is far greater than the supply, on-street parking will evolve into lane control.