岩溶地区坡面红壤抗冲性冲刷试验研究

为了研究岩溶地区不同影响因子对坡面红壤抗侵蚀性的影响,通过室内模型冲刷试验,考虑坡度,冲刷流量及干密度三个影响因素,对坡面表层红壤抗径流机械冲刷能力进行研究,分析不同条件下坡面表层红壤结构的抗冲性能。结果表明:坡度和冲刷流量对岩溶地区坡面红壤冲蚀量存在非线性的叠加增长作用。坡度与岩溶地区坡面红壤冲蚀量近似呈指数关系增长。坡面为疏松结构时,冲刷流量与坡面红壤冲蚀量呈密切的幂函数相关;坡面为紧实结构时,冲刷流量则与坡面红壤冲蚀量近似呈线性关系增长。土壤干密度影响了整个坡面冲蚀过程,尤其是细沟的发生、发展。冲刷过程中疏松土坡面细沟发育明显,而紧实土坡面多为断续的月牙形冲刷坑。冲刷流量(径流量)为坡面表层红壤抗冲性主要影响因子。

Experimental study on red soil erosion resistance of red soil in Karst Area

In order to study the influence of different factors on the red soil slope erosion in karst area, the indoor simulator was manufactured to research the factors of slope, runoff and dry density were considered to research the ability of red soil slope surface to resist runoff scouring , analysis the anti-scourability of red soil structure in different conditions. The results show that runoff of red soil slope surface was in nonlinear growth to slope and erosion. The growth of red soil slope surface runoff was nearly exponential growth to slope. The growth of runoff had a power function to erosion of red soil slope surface when slope was in loose structure. The growth of runoff had a linear relationship to erosion of red soil slope surface when slope was in compact structure. The dry density of soil affected the entire slope erosion process ,especially the occurrence and development of rill. The loose slope rill was developed obviously in the process of erosion. However, intermittent crescent scour holes were widely distributed throughout compacted soil surface. Runoff was the main influence factor of the red soil anti-scourability on the surface of slope.