中小学校园公共空间自然可视率量化

为改变传统方法评估中小学校园公共空间安全易受调研对象主观因素影响,且未考虑青少年有效视距,无法快速预测规划设计中的校园空间安全水平的状况,提出关注青少年有效视距的自然可视率概念和基于图论的计算方法,来量化与校园安全息息相关的公共空间可视性,通过对校园空间的自然可视率的计算,研究了42所中小学校校园空间可视水平。结果表明:自然可视率可以客观评价,并直观表达校园空间的可视水平;自然可视率可以快速发现存量校园空间中潜在的不安全场所;校园平均自然可视率与校园建筑密度存在较强的负相关关系。可见自然可视率及其计算方法有利于快速、客观评价存量校园空间的安全性,有利于快速、直观预测规划设计中校园空间的可视水平。

Study on Natural Visibility Measurement of Public Space in Primary and Secondary Schools

In order to solve the problem that the traditional method is very complex in safety assessment of primary and secondary school, which cannot get an objective result quickly. The method of calculating the natural visibility ratio within the students" effective range of visibility is studied based on graph theory, which can assess the safety level of public space in a quantitative way. Through this method, 42 primary and secondary schools were used to investigate to get the value of natural visibility ratio, and which was used to analyze the natural visibility level of those schools. The results show that natural visibility ratio can objectively evaluate and visually express the level of campus visibility. Natural visibility ratio can quickly identify potential unsafe factors in campus. There is a strong negative correlation between campus average natural visibility ratio and building density. Therefore, the natural visibility ratio is beneficial to quickly and objectively evaluate the safety of the campus, and to improve campus planning and design by predicting the level of visibility in public space.