股骨近端髓内钉结构设计与试件力学检测研究

为解决髓内钉手术存在骨质丢失和螺钉旋转问题，本文基于人体髓腔解剖形态，进行髓内钉三维构型设计，建立髓内钉仿真模型，采用ANSYS进行应力应变仿真分析，对股骨近端髓内钉试制件进行静态压缩试验，分析载荷-位移曲线。有限元分析结果表明最大应力主要集中在螺旋刀片钉与主钉交界面处；静态压缩试验得到的应力最大位置与有限元分析结果相同，髓内钉承受的最大极限载荷高于股骨头承受的关节力。分析结果表明本文设计的股骨近端髓内钉的力学性能满足股骨生物学固定物的要求，可为髓内钉设计提供理论指导。

Structural design and mechanical test of proximal femoral intramedullary nail

To solve the problems of bone loss and screw rotation in intramedullary nailing, based on the anatomical structure of the human medullary cavity, the three-dimensional configuration of the intramedullary nail was designed and a simulation model was established. The stress-strain simulation analysis was conducted using ANSYS, and a static compression test was performed on the proximal femoral intramedullary nail prototype to analyze the load-displacement curve. The finite element analysis showed that the maximum stress was concentrated mainly at the junction of the helical blade nailing and the main nail. The location of maximum stress obtained from the static compression test was consistent with the finite element analysis results. The maximum limit load that the intramedullary nail could bear was higher than the joint force that the femoral head could withstand. These results indicate that the mechanical properties of the proximal femoral intramedullary nail designed in this study meet the requirements of biological fixation devices for the femur, providing theoretical guidance for the design of intramedullary nails.