直升机后向座椅的适坠性仿真分析

针对航空座椅的动态冲击试验,目的是航空座椅更好的承受紧急着陆事件和保护乘员安全,但是适航认证的物理动态测试成本过高。采用有限元法建立出合适的航空座椅/假人系统的有限元模型,根据CCAR 27部规章添加边界条件和地板变形进行座椅适坠性的仿真分析。通过与物理试验的结果对比,具有良好的一致性。在垂直冲击下,假人腰椎受到损伤最为严重;座椅板会出现与外框架的连接脱落;连接的滑动螺栓在保护乘客方面不够可靠;地板的变形会对座椅结构进一步产生破坏。利用有限元分析研究了第95百分位假人在飞机乘客座位上的影响,与50百分位的假人相比,假人损伤增加15%～25%,座椅负荷增加10%～20%。为了提高座椅对乘客保护能力,提出座椅改进设计方案,为同类型产品研发提供指导。

Crashworthiness simulation analysis of helicopter backward seat

The dynamic impact test for aviation seats aims to better withstand emergency landing events and protect the safety of passengers, but the cost of physical dynamic test for airworthiness certification is too high. The appro-priate finite element model of the aviation seat/dummy system is established by using the finite element meth-od, and the simulation analysis of the seat falling suitability is carried out by adding boundary conditions and floor deformation according to CCAR Part 27 regulations. Compared with the results of physical tests, it has good consistency. Under the vertical impact, the lumbar spine of the dummy is most seriously damaged; The connection between the seat plate and the outer frame will fall off; The connected sliding bolts are not reliable enough to protect passengers; The deformation of the floor will further damage the seat structure. Then the im-pact of the 95th percentile dummy on the passenger seat of the aircraft is studied by using finite element analy-sis. Compared with the 50th percentile dummy, the damage of the dummy increases by 15-25%, and the seat load increases by 10-20%. In order to improve the protection ability of seats for passengers, an improved de-sign scheme for seats is proposed to provide guidance for the development of similar products.