纳米SiO2在提高采收率与降压增注中的应用进展

纳米技术现已广泛应用于生物、医药、材料等多个领域,在石油勘探开发领域也具有诸多潜在应用价值.综述了纳米颗粒在石油开发领域中提高采收率及降压增注的应用进展,石油开发所使用的纳米颗粒可分为金属纳米颗粒、有机纳米颗粒、无机纳米颗粒;针对表面改性后纳米SiO2分散性变差的问题介绍了新型生物表面活性剂等纳米材料分散方法;纳米SiO2提高采收率的主要机理是楔形挤压、润湿反转、降低界面张力及其他提采机理;纳米SiO2降压增注机理为进入地层后形成的疏水膜能改变润湿性、防止黏土膨胀,对于吸附纳米颗粒能否增大孔道半径存在争议.建议今后从纳米SiO2地层匹配性、降压增注解析模型、数值模拟模型以及生物基表面活性剂开展相关的技术研究.

Application Progress of Nano-SiO2 in EOR and Depressurization and Injection-Augmenting

Nanotechnology has been widely used in many fields such as biology, medicine, materials, etc. Nanotechnology also has many potential application values in the field of petroleum exploration and development. In this review, the application progress of nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery, depressurizing and injection-augmenting in petroleum development have been reviewed. (1) Nanoparticles adopted in petroleum development can be divided into metal nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticles. (2) Aiming at the problem of poor dispersion of nano-SiO2 after surface modification, the new dispersion methods of nano-materials such as biosurfactant dispesant are introduced. (3) The main mechanisms of enhanced oil recovery by nano-SiO2 includes wedge extrusion, wetting inversion, reduction of interfacial tension and other recovery mechanisms. (4) The mechanism of depressurizing and injection-augmenting of nano-SiO2 is that the hydrophobic film formed after entering the formation can change rock wettability and prevent clay from swelling, and it is still controversial whether adsorption nanoparticles can increase the pore radius. It is suggested that the related future technical research should be carried out from the following aspects: formation matching of nano-SiO2, analytical model of depressurization and injection increase, numerical simulation model and bio-based surfactant synthesis.