量热反应器传热因子连续估计方法研究进展

反应量热是化工行业中主要热分析技术之一,可以为反应过程安全评估提供大量有效的数据。反应热(Qr)的测量过程中,反应器与夹套间传热因子(UA)的获取是一个关键步骤,目前通用的测量方法是在反应前后进行校准,但其结果不能代表反应过程中UA的动态变化。研究传热因子连续估计方法可以获得更加精确的量热数据,为反应器的开发及工艺优化提供更为安全有效的指导。对于实验室规模小型反应器,温度振荡量热法(Temperature Oscillation Calorimetry, TOC)是一种连续估计UA和Qr的有效方法,本文从研究历史、原理、参数计算、仿真研究及方法评价对TOC进行了详细总结,仿真结果阐明了该方法的先进性和适用性。对于体积较大的反应器,状态估计技术则是更为广泛使用的一类量热参数连续估计方法,文中综述了自适应量热法、级联量热法和扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter, EKF)三种状态估计技术,其中展现了EKF在不同体积反应器中连续估计UA和Qr的模拟研究结果。最后,对比分析了温度振荡量热法和状态估计技术的优缺点、适用性等相关特性。在此基础上,对反应器量热技术进行了展望。

Research progress of continuous estimation method for heat transfer factor of calorimeter reactor

Reaction calorimetry is one of the main thermal analysis techniques in chemical industry, which can provide a large number of effective data for safety assessment of reaction process. In the process of measuring reaction heat Qr, it is crucial to obtain the heat transfer factor between reactor and jacket, the current common measurement method is to calibrate before and after the reaction, but the results can not represent the dynamic change of UA in the reaction process. More accurate calorimetric data can be obtained by studying the continuous estimation method of heat transfer factor, which can provide safer and more effective guidance for the development of reactor and process optimization. Temperature oscillation calorimetry (TOC) is an effective method for continuous estimation of UA and Qr in laboratory scale small reactors. This paper summarizes TOC in detail from research history, principle, parameter calculation, simulation study and method evaluation, and the simulation results illustrate the advancement and applicability of this method. For larger reactors, state estimation approaches is a more widely used method for continuous estimation of calorimetric parameters. In this paper, three state estimation techniques, namely adaptive calorimetry, cascade calorimetry and extended Kalman filter (EKF), are reviewed, and the simulation results of continuous estimation of UA and Qr by EKF in reactors with different volumes are presented. Finally, the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of temperature oscillation calorimetry and state estimation approaches are compared and analyzed. On this basis, the technology of reactor calorimetry is prospected.