基于应力波的锚杆锚固质量无损检测研究进展

施工工艺、材料特性、环境与荷载长期耦合作用等因素导致岩土体中锚杆锚固结构产生锚固缺陷，对工程安全构成潜在威胁。对在役锚杆锚固结构开展无损检测是进行锚固质量评估、锚杆质量补强的重要环节。应力波法适应强、发展快，是锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术采用的主要方法。从基于应力波法的锚杆锚固质量无损检测理论、室内模型试验、应力波激振与接收、信号处理与分析、数值模拟方面对国内外锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术研究现状进行了综述。研究表明：中国锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术研究起步晚，但发展迅速；现有锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术较为成熟，可实现黏结型锚杆杆体长度及灌浆密实度检测，但其中仍存在不足，限制了锚杆检测精度与检测长度；针对老旧锚杆服役状态的无损检测方法也较少报道，仍需开展研究。最后结合未来发展趋势对未来可能发展的方向进行了展望，后续研究中，应进一步改进与完善现有理论，研发与升级无损检测技术与设备，拓展锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术适用范围。同时，应构建基于无损检测技术的锚杆服役状态智能评价体系并提出锚杆剩余寿命预测方法。

State-of-the-art: Non-destructive testing technology based on stress wave for the quality of rock bolt

This paper systematically reviews the research state-of-the-art of the non-destructive testing from the aspects of the theory of anchoring bolt quality detection based on stress wave, model test, stress wave excitation and reception, signal processing and analysis, numerical simulation. Literature data analysis shows that the research on nondestructive testing technology of bolt anchorage quality in China started late, but developed rapidly. The existing non-destructive testing technology for bolt anchorage quality is relatively mature, which can realize the detection of the length and grouting compactness of grouted bolt. However, it still has shortcomings, which limit the detection accuracy and detection length of the bolt; The non-destructive testing method for the service state of old bolts is also rarely reported, and further research is still needed. Finally, the future potential development direction is prospected combine with the future development trend. In the follow-up study, the existing theory should be further improved and perfected, and the nondestructive testing technology and equipment should be developed and upgraded to expand the application scope of nondestructive testing technology for bolt anchorage quality. At the same time, the intelligent evaluation system of bolt service state based on nondestructive testing technology should be constructed and the remaining bolt life prediction method need to be proposed.