滇中城市群景观格局及生态环境效应研究

滇中城市发展面临资源环境人均拥有不足、资源分配不均以及生态环境脆弱等各种压力。选取1990年、2000年、2010年、2018年四期美国4～5号陆地卫星专题制图仪扫描影像(thematic mapper, TM)所获取的多波段。影像，研究滇中城市群土地利用时空变化及其景观格局演变特征和生态环境效应。结果表明：除建设用地外其他用地破碎度逐步增加，形状变得复杂，随着城市的发展，除建设用地景观类型连接度增加，其余用地降低且破碎化程度增加；滇中城市群地均生态系统服务价值整体表现为降低、空间上表现为东低西高，区县间差异大，生态环境整体趋于恶化趋势，引起生态环境改善的因素是林地、水域与耕地转为建设用地；当坡度小于3度时，水文调节废物处理值较大，当坡度大于3度时，生物多样性保护与土壤形成与保护值较高，而食物生产与美学景观值较低。林地、水域聚集的地区集聚类型表现为高-高聚类，建设用地聚集的地区集聚类型表现为低-低聚类；滇中城市群内有约59%的区县生态环境质量下降，有32%的地区上升。滇中城市群的发展要侧重改善用地结构和效能，加大环境保护力度。

The Landscape Pattern and Ecological Environment Effects in Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration

The urban development of central Yunnan faces various pressures such as insufficient resources and environment per capita, uneven distribution of resources, and fragile ecological environment. The study selected 4 TM images in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018 to study the temporal and spatial changes of land use/over , its landscape pattern evolution characteristics and ecological environment effects in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration. The results show that: (1) The fragmentation degree of other land use/over increases gradually, and the shape becomes complex. With the development of the city, except for the construction land landscape type connection degree increases, the rest land use decreases and the fragmentation degree increases; (2) The land-averaged ecosystem service value of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration is generally lower, and the spatial expression is lower in the east and higher in the west, and there are large differences between districts and counties.The overall ecological environment tends to deteriorate, and the factors causing the improvement of the ecological environment are the conversion of forest land, water area and cultivated land convert into construction land. When the slope is less than 3 degrees, the hydrological regulation waste disposal value is larger, and when the slope is greater than 3 degrees, the biodiversity conservation and soil formation and protection values are higher, while the food production and aesthetic landscape values are lower. The regional agglomeration type of forest and water area is high-high clustering, and the regional agglomeration type of construction land is low-low clustering.(3) The ecological environment quality of about 59% of the districts and counties in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration declined, and 32% of the districts increased. The development of the urban agglomeration in central Yunnan should improve the structure and efficiency of land use, and increase environmental protection efforts.