同轴轮径差对机车运行性能的影响

机车同轴左右车轮存在直径不一致的情况,改变了轮轨的接触状态。针对机车同轴轮径差的问题,建立了机车动力学仿真模型和轮轨接触三维弹塑性有限元模型,通过动力学仿真计算和动载荷作用下弹塑性接触计算,分析同轴轮径差对机车运行性能的影响。结果表明：由于同轴轮径差的存在,轮轨间的动载荷发生变化,当内侧车轮直径小于外侧车轮直径时,在一定程度上有利于机车曲线通过,反之则会降低曲线通过性能；与无轮径差相比,同轴轮径差存在时,车轮与钢轨接触位置发生改变,等效应力增大,导致磨耗增加,降低车轮和钢轨的使用寿命。

Influence of Coaxial Wheel Diameter Difference on the Locomotive Operating Performance

The diameter of the locomotive coaxial left and right wheels is inconsistent, which causes the wheel-rail contact state changing. Aiming at the problem of locomotive coaxial wheel diameter difference, the dynamic simulation models of the locomotive and the three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element models of wheel-rail contact are established. Based on the calculation of the dynamic simulation and the elastoplastic contact calculation under dynamic load, the influence of the coaxial wheel diameter difference on the locomotive operating performance is analyzed. The conclusions are as follows. Because of the coaxial wheel diameter difference, the dynamic load between wheel and rail changes. When the diameter of the inner wheel is smaller than the diameter of the outer one, it is conducive to the locomotive through the curve in a certain degree. On the contrary, it has bad effects on curve passing performance. The wheel-rail contact position changes compared with no wheel diameter difference, and the equivalent stress of the rail increases, which could result in increasing wear and reducing the service life of the wheel and rail.