基于不同生态目标的玉符河湿地生态需水量研究

为保护北方地区湿地生态环境健康、恢复物种多样性，首要任务是确定湿地的生态需水量，以确定所需补水量。本文针对北方地区的河道型湿地，以济南市玉符河湿地为例，考虑丰、平、枯水年不同降水频率下的水面净蒸发，结合植被、土壤、野生生物栖息地、地下水补给需水量，利用水量平衡法汇总得到针对不同生态目标的理想、适宜和最小生态需水量。计算结果表明：消耗型最低生态目标的理想、适宜、最小生态需水量分别为5.976~7.018×106 m3、3.954~4.857×106 m3、1.937~2.837×106 m3；保护型合理生态目标的理想、适宜、最小生态需水量分别为9.839~11.181×106 m3、5.817~6.922×106 m3、2.762~3.770×106 m3。本文计算成果为下一步玉符河湿地生态环境健康的保护和物种多样性的恢复提供了理论支撑。

Study on the Wetland Ecological Water Requirement of Yufuhe River Based on Different Ecological Objectives

In order to protect the ecological environment of wetland in the northern region and restore the diversity of species, the primary task is to determine the ecological water requirement of the wetland and then determine the amount of the water needed. According to the river wetlands in the northern region, this paper takes the wetland of Yufuhe river in Jinan city as an example, considering the water net evaporation of wet years, normal years or dry years under the different precipitation conditions and combing with the water requirements of vegetation, soil, wildlife habitat and groundwater recharge, and then summarize the ideal, suitable and minimum ecological water requirements for different ecological goals by using the water balance method. The calculation results show that: the ideal, suitable and minimum ecological water requirements for the consumption of the lowest ecological objectives are 5.97~7.01×106 m3, 3.95~4.85×106 m3 and 1.93~2.83×106 m3; the ideal, suitable and minimum ecological water requirements for the protection of the rational ecological objectives are 9.83~11.17×106 m3, 5.81~6.91×106 m3 and 2.75~3.76×106 m3. The results of this paper provide a theoretical support for the restoration of wetland ecological environment and the restoration of species diversity.