高速公路雾区行车安全与保障技术研究进展

高速公路路网密度的增加和气候环境恶化,使得低能见度雾环境对高速公路行车安全影响日趋严重。从高速公路雾环境行车致危机理、雾区能见度监测预测、雾区管控与安全保障等方面对高速公路雾区行车管控与保障技术的中国研究进展进行综述。分析表明:高速公路雾环境行车安全研究已经从早期的气象角度研究雾的生消和物理化学特征,发展为材料、光学、交通、气候、电子、视觉心理等多学科、多领域交叉融合的综合性研究,相关研究成果涉及范围更广、研究领域细分度更高;雾的致危机理研究主要集中于雾区危险性分级、驾驶视觉心理、驾驶行为、车辆行驶状态变化规律和能见度与交通事故的相关性分析等方面,但尚不够系统全面;雨雾、冰雾等共生性气候的危险等级判定研究还相对缺乏;雾区监测预测理论、监测手段等都有了显著进步,但气象和交通的融合还处于初级阶段,基于微路段和微区域精细化监测预报;特别是团雾路段的实时监测预警尚不能满足实际需求;中国研发的雾区智能诱导警示系统设计理念较国外更先进,与我国国情结合更紧密,但依然存在系统使用耐久性差,安装维护成本高,缺乏国家和行业标准,理论研究有待深入等问题。针对以上存在问题,建议今后努力方向:加强从气象、交通、控制等领域对高速公路雾区行车安全,尤其是多气候耦合路段行车致危机理研究;倡导气象部门和交通部门进行深入协同联动;强化微路段微气候分级分段气象预警预报工作;深入分析雾区诱导机理;加速研发低成本、耐用的雾区诱导设备;从系统论与控制论角度,构建雾区路段分级诱导联动发布系统。

Research and Development of Expressways in Foggy Area Safety and Security Technology

With the increase of expressway network density and the deterioration of climatic environment, the influence of low visibility fog environment on driving safety is becoming more and more serious. In this paper, the research progress of traffic control and support technology in fog area of Expressway was analyzed from the aspects of traffic crisis, forecast of fog area, control of fog area and safety guarantee. It was concluded that the study on the Traffic Safety of Expressway fog has studied the cyanobacteria and physicochemical characteristics of fog from the early meteorological angle. Development for the materials, optics, traffic flow, climate, electronics, visual psychology and other multidisciplinary, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary integration of the comprehensive research proposition, the results of the study has a wide range of areas, the research area of higher degree of subdivision; In recent years, the design concept of intelligent warning system of fog area is more advanced than that of foreign countries, and it is more closely combined with China''s national conditions. However, the monitoring and forecasting based on micro-sections and micro-region refinement in particular, the real-time monitoring and early warning of the special fog area, such as the local and stochastic of the fog, cannot meet the development needs of the existing expressway, and the fog monitoring forecast of some fog is based on the experience of the first-line traffic police. The study of risk grading based on the common climate, such as rain and fog, ice mist and so on; The application of intelligent warning system in fog area is poor in durability, high installation and maintenance cost, lack of national and industry standard, and theoretical research needs further problems. In this paper, the mechanism of inducing fog region was analyzed. To study the low cost and durable fog zone inducing equipment; In this paper, the system theory and cybernetics are constructed to construct the graded-induced linkage distribution system in fog area.