武汉市典型区域总悬浮颗粒物中多环芳烃源解析及其健康风险评估

选择武汉市经济技术开发区(1#)和江岸区后湖(2#)两个典型区域,分析了大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度特征,通过特征比值法进行了源解析,并以致癌、致突变等效浓度、终身致癌超额危险度和预期寿命损失三个不同层次的指标进行了健康风险评估。结果表明:两个监测点TSP中PAHs浓度均远高于环境质量标准,不同环数的PAHs分配比例均为5~6环4环2~3环;污染物源解析表明两个监测点的PAHs主要来源包括石油燃烧和机动车尾气排放,其中机动车排放偏重于柴油型。PAHs的健康风险评估结果表明两个监测点的PAHs总致癌等效浓度(TEQ)值和总致突变等效浓度(MEQ)值都较高,且PAHs终身致癌超额危险度均超出最大可接受范围,同时预期寿命损失成人高于儿童;进一步比较发现,1#监测点的Ba P平均浓度、TEQ、MEQ、终身致癌超额危险度以及预期寿命损失均高于2#监测点,且近几年武汉市大气颗粒物中PAHs污染水平呈上升趋势。

Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of PAHs in Total Suspended Particles in Wuhan Typical Area

Wuhan Economic Technology Development Zone Janghan University (1 # point) and Jiangan District Houhu (2 # point) were selected as the typical functional areas, and the TSP samples were carried out, the concentrations of 16 PAHs in the samples were analyzed. The source apportionment was performed by the feature ratio method, and the health risk assessment was calculated by total carcinogenic equivalent concentration (TEQ), total mutagenic equivalent concentration (MEQ), the average life-long cancer risk (R) and loss of life expectancy(LLE). The results show that the total concentrations of PAHs at two sites are higher than the values of the national standards, and the abundances of rings proportion of PAHs in two monitoring sites are 5-6 rings> 4 rings> 2-3 rings. The results of source apportionment show that the main sources of pollution of the two monitoring sites include petroleum combustion and motor vehicle exhaust emissions, and the pollution in the vehicle is a mixture of gasoline and diesel, furthermore a diesel type. The total carcinogenic equivalent concentration (TEQ) and total mutagenic equivalent concentration (MEQ) values of PAHs at two monitoring sites are pretty high according to the health risk assessment. The PAHs lifetime risk exceeds the maximum acceptable range; moreover, the life expectancy is higher in adults than in children. A comparison of the two sites indicates that the average concentrations of BaP, TEQ, MEQ, lifetime risk of carcinogenicity and life expectancy in 1 # site are higher than those of 2 # site, and the concentrations of PAHs in the atmospheric particles in Wuhan are increasing in recent years.