典型植物对山地城市雨水径流净化效果及其生长适应性

为探究在山地海绵城市建设中,植物对雨水径流的改善效果,根据重庆市雨水径流特征,配制模拟雨水径流,对10种本地植物进行为期2个多月培养实验,对植物的生长情况、模拟雨水中重点污染物的去除效果等定期检测。结果表明:植物有利于模拟雨水中氮、磷、COD_(Cr)的去除;培养45 d后,再力花培养组对氨氮去除率98. 3%;黄菖蒲培养组对总氮(TN)去除率96. 5%;水竹、德国鸢尾培养组对总磷(TP)的去除率达到90. 0%;大漂、美人蕉培养组对COD_(Cr)的去除率分别为79. 0%、76. 9%。总的来说,植物对模拟雨水中氮、磷、有机物的去除贡献率分别达到16. 9%～29. 9%、10. 0%～30. 0%、5. 5%～23. 9%。德国鸢尾、水竹、美人蕉、金鱼藻生长适应性及污染物去除效果良好,推荐为人工浮岛、生物滞留带等海绵设施优先植物。

Study on Purification Effect and Growth Adaptation of Typical Plants to Rainwater Runoff in Mountain Cities

In order to investigate effect of plants on rainwater runoff in the construction of mountain sponge cities, simulated rainwater runoff was confected according to the characteristics of rainwater runoff in Chongqing, and a two-month culture experiment on 10 local plants was confect in while the growth of plants and the removal effect of key pollutants in simulated rainwater were regularly tested. The results showed that the plants were beneficial to enhance the removal of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and CODcr in simulated rainwater. After cultured 45d, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 98.3% in the Thalia dealbata culture group, and 96.5% in the Iris pseudacorus L. culture group. The removal rate of TP was 90.0 % in Phyllostachys heteroclada Olive and Iris germanica L. culture groups. The removal rate of CODcr was 79.0 % in Pistia stratiotes culture group and 76.9% in Canna indica L.culture group. In general, the contribution rates of plants to the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in simulated rainwater were 16.9%~29.9%, 10.0%~30.0% and 5.5%~23.9%, respectively. The growth adaptability of Iris germanica L,Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliver,Canna indica L.and Ceratophyllum demersum L. and the removal of key pollutants are well, recommended as artificial floating islands, biological retention zone and other sponge facilities priority plants.