冬季海水养殖水域环境因子的变化对养殖海参的影响研究

2016年和2017年两个结冰期内对渤海某海水人工养殖池塘冰厚度的变化和冰盖下水体的温度、盐度、p H和溶解氧进行连续观测。冰厚采用超声测距仪定时测量,冰温、水温、盐度、溶解氧和p H分层观测。研究发现,盐度的变化与冰的生长密切相关,而冰厚度的变化主要受气温的控制,p H和溶解氧的变化与水温和光合作用相关,冰融化时p H和溶解氧变化浮动较大,冰融水起到了稀释作用,溶解氧浓度降低。可见,气温影响冰厚和水温,进而间接影响了盐度、p H和溶解氧。观测的养殖池塘水体溶氧含量一直大于8 mg·L-1,没有出现缺氧的情况。p H范围在7. 7～9. 0之间,没有出现异常。养殖池塘内的海参对盐度的耐受范围是20～35,而其栖息的水体底层的盐度,主要是在29. 022 7～34. 028 6间,仅当冰融化时,盐度最低值降到21. 074 8,但在之后再3～5 d内上升至29,可见,盐度的变化是在其可承受范围内。综上分析,温度是决定冬季海水养殖生物存活率的限制因素。

Research on Influence of Environmental Elements Change of Marine Aquaculture Waters on Cultured Sea Cucumber in Winter

Ice thickness and temperature, salinity, dissolve oxygen, pH of water under ice were continuous observed in Liaodong gulf. We found changes of these were dominated by air temperature. Change of air temperature varies ice thickness and water temperature. Variation of water temperature altered water salinity, dissolve oxygen and pH. Change of water temperature, salinity; dissolve oxygen and pH of surface water fluctuated enormously. Water temperature, salinity, dissolve oxygen and pH of bottom water were gently varied and in the tolerance range of mariculture .So, change of water temperature is primary factor of reductionSofSoutput.