高新沙库区土壤重金属浸出特性及其对水质安全的影响

人类经济活动可能会造成土壤重金属污染，该污染在水土两相界面存在迁移转化过程，对人类健康构成威胁。对于城市水库的工程，其区域两相之间重金属迁移过程的研究尤为重要，需重点关注水土两相之间重金属的可溶出含量，以确保水库水质的安全性。本研究通过土壤背景值调查、浸提动力学探究、水质风险评价、统计学分析并结合理论模型模拟演算，探究土壤重金属浸出特性并评估水质安全性。在模拟极端浸提条件下，除了镍元素存在轻微超过生活饮用水标准限值外，铜、锌、镉、铅、汞以及砷重金属均处于无污染水平，水质相对安全；在模拟实际水库运行的模型演算中，各重金属的浸出浓度均远低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749-2006）以及《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838-2002）Ⅱ类水标准限值，表明水库水质在实际运行中可以达到安全供水的要求。

Leaching Characteristics of Soil Heavy Metals in Gaoxinsha Reservoir Area and Its Impact on Water Quality Safety

Human activities incur soil heavy metal pollution that will manifest migration between the two phases of water and soil, which poses grave threat to human healthy. Research of the heavy metal phase migration in urban reservoir projects, with the focus of its leaching characteristics, is therefore highly significant. The current study assessed water quality based on the investigation of leaching characteristics of heavy metal, which was accomplished by soil investigation, leaching kinetics exploration, water quality risk assessment, statistical analysis and theoretical model simulation calculations. Under simulated extreme extraction conditions, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic are at pollution-free level, with the exception of nickel slightly over the standard of drinking water. The result of reservoire model-based simulation showed the leaching concentration of all heavy metals were significantly lower than standards from the drinking water sanitation standard (GB 5749-2006) and the class II water standard limit of surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-2002), indicating the examined water is safe as urban water supplies.